As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 6, 2021.

 

Registration Statement No. 333-251501

 

 

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, DC 20549

 

 

Amendment No. 2
to

FORM S-1

REGISTRATION STATEMENT

UNDER

THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

 

 

MOTORSPORT GAMING US LLC

to be converted as described herein to a corporation named

 

MOTORSPORT GAMES INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

Delaware		7372		83-1463958
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(Primary Standard Industrial Classification Code Number)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

 

 

5972 NE 4^th Avenue

Miami, FL 33137

(305) 507-8799

(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)

 

 

Dmitry Kozko

Chief Executive Officer

Motorsport Games Inc.

5972 NE 4th Avenue

Miami, FL 33137

(305) 507-8799

(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)

 

 

Copies to:

 

Serge V. Pavluk, Esq. Kevin Zen, Esq. Snell & Wilmer L.L.P. 350 South Grand Avenue, 31st Floor Los Angeles, CA 90071-3406 (213) 929-2500

Ben A. Stacke, Esq. Faegre Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP 2200 Wells Fargo Center 90 South Seventh Street Minneapolis, Minnesota 55402 (612) 766-7000

 

 

Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: As soon as practicable after the effective date of this registration statement.

 

If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, check the following box: [  ]

 

If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering: [  ]

 

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering: [  ]

 

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering: [  ]

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

 

	Large accelerated filer [  ]		Accelerated filer [  ]
	Non-accelerated filer [X]		Smaller reporting company [X]
			Emerging growth company [X]

 

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act: [  ]

 

 

CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE

 

Title of Each Class of Securities to be Registered		Amount to be Registered(1)				Proposed Maximum Offering Price Per Share				Proposed Maximum Aggregate Offering Price(2)				Amount of Registration Fee(3)
Class A common stock, $0.0001 par value per share			2,702,500			$	18.00			$	48,645,000			$	5,307.17

 

 

(1)	Includes 352,500 additional shares of Class A common stock that the underwriters have the option to purchase.
(2)	Estimated solely for purposes of calculating the registration fee in accordance with Rule 457(a) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
(3)	The registrant previously paid a total of $4,364.00 in connection with the previous filing of the registration statement. In accordance with Rule 457(a), an additional registration fee of $943.17 is being paid with this amendment to the registration statement.

 

 

The Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or until the Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.

 

 

 

 

The information in this preliminary prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This preliminary prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and we are not soliciting offers to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.

 

SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED JANUARY 6, 2021

 

PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS

 

2,350,000 Shares

 

 

Class A Common Stock

 

 

This is an initial public offering of shares of Class A common stock of Motorsport Games Inc. We currently operate as a Florida limited liability company under the name Motorsport Gaming US LLC. Immediately prior to the effectiveness of the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part, we intend to convert into a Delaware corporation pursuant to a statutory conversion and change our name to Motorsport Games Inc. This is our initial public offering and no public market currently exists for shares of our Class A common stock. We anticipate that the initial public offering price will be between $16.00 and $18.00 per share. We have applied to have our Class A common stock listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “MSGM.”

 

Following this offering, we will have two classes of common stock: Class A common stock and Class B common stock. Each share of Class A common stock is entitled to one vote, while each share of Class B common stock is entitled to ten votes. Motorsport Network, LLC (“Motorsport Network”) will be the only holder of shares of Class B common stock and will not have any transfer, conversion, registration or economic rights with respect to such shares of Class B common stock.

 

Immediately prior to the closing of this offering, Motorsport Network will be our only stockholder. Upon our corporate conversion, we expect to issue to Motorsport Network an equal number of shares of both Class A common stock (the “MSN Initial Class A Shares”) and Class B common stock. Accordingly, upon the closing of this offering, Motorsport Network will own (i) 7,000,000 shares of our Class A common stock and (ii) 7,000,000 shares of our Class B common stock, representing all of the outstanding shares of Class B common stock, which together will represent approximately 97.0% of the combined voting power of both classes of our common stock outstanding immediately after this offering (or approximately 96.6% if the underwriters exercise in full their option to purchase additional shares of our Class A common stock). In the event Motorsport Network or its affiliates relinquish beneficial ownership of any of the MSN Initial Class A Shares at any time, one share of Class B common stock held by Motorsport Network will be cancelled for each such MSN Initial Class A Share no longer beneficially owned by Motorsport Network or its affiliates.

 

Upon the closing of this offering, we will be a “controlled company” as defined under the corporate governance rules of The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (“Nasdaq”). However, we do not currently expect to rely upon the “controlled company” exemptions. See “Principal Stockholders.”

 

We are an “emerging growth company,” as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and will be subject to reduced public reporting requirements. This prospectus complies with the requirements that apply to an issuer that is an emerging growth company.

 

 

Investing in our Class A common stock involves risks. See “Risk Factors” beginning on page 14 to read about factors you should consider before buying our Class A common stock.

 

		Per Share			Total
Initial public offering price		$			$
Underwriting discounts and commissions(1)		$			$
Proceeds, before expenses, to us		$			$

 

(1) See “Underwriting” for additional information regarding compensation payable to the underwriters.

 

We have granted the underwriters an option for a period of 45 days to purchase up to an additional 352,500 shares of Class A common stock from us at the initial public offering price less the underwriting discounts and commissions.

 

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any other regulatory body has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

 

The underwriters expect to deliver the shares of Class A common stock to purchasers on or about                , 2021.

 

 

Joint Book-Running Managers

 

Canaccord Genuity

The Benchmark Company

 

Prospectus dated          , 2021.

 

 

 

 

 

 

  

 

  

 

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

Prospectus Summary	1
The Offering	10
Summary Historical Consolidated Financial Data	11
Risk Factors	14
Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements	44
Use of Proceeds	45
Dividend Policy	46
Capitalization	47
Dilution	49
Selected Historical Consolidated Financial Data	51
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	52
Business	67
Management	85
Executive Compensation	90
Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions	98
Principal Stockholders	100
Description of Capital Stock	101
Shares Eligible For Future Sale	105
Certain Material United States Federal Income Tax Considerations For Non-U.S. Holders	106
Underwriting	110
Legal Matters	116
Experts	116
Where You Can Find Additional Information	116
Index to Financial Statements	F-1

 

 

Through and including                  , 2021 (the 25^th day after the date of this prospectus), all dealers that buy, sell, or trade shares of our Class A common stock, whether or not participating in our initial public offering, may be required to deliver a prospectus. This delivery requirement is in addition to the obligation of dealers to deliver a prospectus when acting as underwriter and with respect to its unsold allotments or subscriptions.

 

Neither we nor the underwriters have authorized anyone to provide any information or to make any representations other than those contained in this prospectus or in any free writing prospectuses we have prepared. We take no responsibility for, and can provide no assurance as to the reliability of, any other information that others may give you. We are offering to sell, and seeking offers to buy, shares of our Class A common stock only in jurisdictions where offers and sales are permitted. The information in this prospectus is accurate only as of the date of this prospectus, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus or any sale of shares of our Class A common stock. Our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects may have changed since that date.

 

For investors outside the United States: Neither we nor any of the underwriters have done anything that would permit this offering or the possession or distribution of this prospectus in any jurisdiction where action for that purpose is required, other than in the United States. Persons outside of the United States who come into possession of this prospectus must inform themselves about, and observe any restrictions relating to, this offering and the possession and distribution of this prospectus outside of the United States.

 

 

INDUSTRY AND MARKET DATA

 

Unless otherwise indicated, information in this prospectus concerning economic conditions, our industry, our markets and our competitive position is based on a variety of sources, including information from independent industry analysts and publications, as well as our own estimates and research.

 

Our estimates are derived from publicly available information released by third party sources, as well as data from our internal research, and are based on such data and our knowledge of our industry, which we believe to be reasonable. The independent industry publications used in this prospectus were not prepared on our behalf. While we are not aware of any misstatements regarding any information presented in this prospectus, forecasts, assumptions, expectations, beliefs, estimates and projects involve risk and uncertainties and are subject to change based on various factors, including those described under the headings “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” and “Risk Factors.”

 

TRADEMARKS AND TRADE NAMES

 

We own or have rights to trademarks, service marks and trade names that we use in connection with the operation of our business. Other trademarks, service marks and trade names appearing in this prospectus are the property of their respective owners. Solely for convenience, some of the trademarks, service marks and trade names referred to in this prospectus are listed without the ^® or ^™ symbols, but we will assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, our rights to our trademarks, service marks and trade names.

 

FINANCIAL STATEMENT PRESENTATION

As a result of Motorsport Gaming US LLC’s acquisition of a 53.5% equity interest in 704Games Company on August 14, 2018, Motorsport Gaming US LLC was the acquirer for accounting purposes and 704Games Company was the acquiree and the accounting predecessor. The financial statement presentation contained in this prospectus distinguishes the results into two distinct periods: the period up to the acquisition date of August 14, 2018 for 704Games Company, which we refer to as the “Predecessor Period,” and the periods including and after that date for Motorsport Gaming US LLC, which we refer to as the “Successor Period.”

 

Immediately prior to the effectiveness of the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part, we intend to complete a corporate conversion pursuant to which Motorsport Games Inc. will succeed to the business of Motorsport Gaming US LLC and its consolidated subsidiaries, and the sole holder of 100% of the membership interests of Motorsport Gaming US LLC will become a holder of Class A common stock and Class B common stock of Motorsport Games Inc., as described under the heading “Business—Corporate Conversion.” In this prospectus, we refer to this transaction as the “corporate conversion.” We expect that our conversion from a Florida limited liability company to a Delaware corporation will not have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements at the time of the corporate conversion.

 

We have made rounding adjustments to some of the figures included in this prospectus. Accordingly, numerical figures shown as totals in some tables may not be an arithmetic aggregation of the figures that precede them.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Risk Factors

 

This offering and investing in our Class A common stock involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described below together with all of the other information contained in this prospectus, including our consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” before deciding to invest in our Class A common stock. If any of the following risks actually occurs, our business, prospects, operating results and financial condition could suffer materially, the trading price of our Class A common stock could decline and you could lose all or part of your investment. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also adversely affect our business.

 

Risks Related to Our Business and Industry

 

If we do not consistently deliver popular products or if consumers prefer competing products, our business may be negatively impacted.

 

In order to remain competitive, we must continuously develop new products or enhancements to our existing products. Consumer preferences for games are usually cyclical and difficult to predict, and even the most successful content remains popular for only a limited period of time unless refreshed or otherwise enhanced. These products or enhancements may not be well-received by consumers, even if well-reviewed and of high quality. Further, competitors may develop content that imitates or competes with our best-selling games, potentially taking sales away from us or reducing our ability to charge the same prices we have historically charged for our products. These competing products may take a larger share of consumer spending than anticipated, which could cause product sales to fall below expectations. If we do not continue to develop consistently high-quality and well-received games, if our marketing fails to resonate with our consumers, if consumers lose interest in a genre of games we produce, if the use of cross-promotion within our mobile games to retain consumers becomes less effective, or if our competitors develop more successful products or offer competitive products at lower prices, our revenues and profit margins could decline. Further, a failure by us to develop a high-quality product, or our development of a product that is otherwise not well-received, could potentially result in additional expenditures to respond to consumer demands, harm our reputation, and increase the likelihood that our future products will not be well-received. The increased importance of downloadable content to our business amplifies these risks, as downloadable content for poorly-received games typically generates lower-than-expected sales. In addition, our own best-selling products could compete with our other games, reducing sales for those other games.

 

Our business and products are highly concentrated in the racing game genre, and our operating results may suffer if consumer preferences shift away from this genre.

 

All of our revenue is currently generated, and is expected to continue to be substantially generated, from products in the racing game genre. Accordingly, our future success will depend on the popularity of games in the racing game genre with consumers. Consumer preferences are difficult to predict and subject to frequent changes, and if interest in the racing game genre declines, even if our share of the racing game genre is stable or expands, our operating results could suffer. Additionally, our concentration in the racing game genre could place us at a disadvantage against other gaming companies that offer a more diverse selection of games.

 

If we do not provide high-quality products, our business may be negatively impacted.

 

Consumer expectations regarding the quality, performance and integrity of our products and services are high. Consumers may be critical of our brands, games, services and/or business practices for a wide variety of reasons, and such negative reactions may not be foreseeable or within our control to manage effectively. For example, if our games or services, such as our creation and organization of esports leagues and events, do not function as consumers expect, whether because they fail to function as advertised or otherwise, our sales may suffer. If any of these issues occur, consumers may stop playing the game and may be less likely to return to the game as often in the future, which may negatively impact our business.

 

 

If we fail to deliver products in a timely manner, our business may be negatively impacted.

 

Delays in product releases or disruptions following the commercial release of one or more new products could negatively impact our business, our revenues and reputation and could cause our results of operations to be materially different from expectations. This is particularly the case where we seek to release certain products in conjunction with key events, such as the beginning of a racing season or a major racing event. If we fail to release our products in a timely manner, or if we are unable to continue to improve our existing games by adding features and functionality that will encourage continued engagement with these games, our business may be negatively impacted. Moreover, if we or our third-party developers experience unanticipated development delays, financial difficulties, or additional costs, for example as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, we may not be able to release titles according to our schedule and at budgeted costs. There can be no assurance that our products will be sufficiently successful so that we can recoup these costs or make a profit on these products.

 

Additionally, the amount of lead time and cost involved in the development of high-quality products is increasing due to growing technical complexities and higher expectations from consumers. As a result, it is especially critical that we accurately predict consumer demand for such products. If our future products do not achieve expected consumer acceptance or generate sufficient revenues upon introduction, we may not be able to recover the substantial up-front development and marketing costs associated with those products.

 

The recent COVID-19 pandemic has impacted our operations and could adversely affect our business operations, financial performance and results of operations, the extent of which is uncertain and difficult to predict.

 

The global spread of the COVID-19 pandemic has created significant business uncertainty for us and others, resulting in volatility and economic disruption. Additionally, the outbreak has resulted in government authorities around the world implementing numerous measures to try to reduce the spread of COVID-19, such as travel bans and restrictions, quarantines, shelter-in-place, stay-at-home or total lock-down (or similar) orders and business limitations and shutdowns.

 

As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, including the related responses from government authorities, our business and operations have been impacted, including the temporary closure of our offices in Orlando, Florida, Silverstone, England, and Moscow, Russia, which has resulted in our employees working remotely. During the COVID-19 outbreak, several retailers have experienced, and continue to experience, closures, reduced operating hours and/or other restrictions as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, which has negatively impacted the sales of our products from such retailers. Additionally, in our esports business, the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in the postponing of certain events to later dates or shifting events from an in-person format to online only.

 

Our business operations, financial performance and results of operations could be further adversely affected in a number of ways, including, but not limited to, the following:

 

	●	reduced consumer demand for our products and adverse effects on the discretionary spending patterns of our customers, including the ability of our customers to pay for our products;
	●	the operations and seasons of the motorsports industry may be further altered or even canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which may further affect the demand for our products and esports business;
	●	further disruptions to our operations, including any additional closures of our offices and facilities, which may affect our ability to develop, market, and sell our products;
	●	disruptions to the operations of our counterparties, including the physical retail, digital download online platforms, and cloud streaming services we rely on for the distribution of our products, the suppliers who manufacture our physical products and other third parties with which we partner (e.g., to market or ship our products);
	●	limitations on employee resources and availability, including due to sickness, government restrictions, the desire of employees to avoid contact with large groups of people or mass transit disruptions;
	●	a fluctuation in foreign currency exchange rates, which could impact our operations in the United Kingdom and Russia, or interest rates could result from market uncertainties; and
	●	an increase in the cost or the difficulty of obtaining debt or equity financing could affect our financial condition or our ability to fund operations or future investment opportunities.

 

 

Additionally, an increase in the number of employees working remotely due to the COVID-19 pandemic also increases the potential adverse impact of risk associated with information technology systems and networks, including cyber-attacks, computer viruses, malicious software, security breaches, and telecommunication failures, both for systems and networks we control directly and for those that employees and third-party developers rely on to work remotely. Any failure to prevent or mitigate security breaches or cyber risks or detect, or respond adequately to, a security breach or cyber risk, or any other disruptions to our information technology systems and networks, can have adverse effects on our business.

 

The spread of COVID-19 has caused us to modify our business practices (including employee travel, employee work locations, and cancellation of physical participation in meetings, events and conferences), and we may take further actions as may be required by government authorities or that we determine are in the best interests of our employees, customers and business partners. Further, key personnel could contract COVID-19, hindering their availability and productivity.

 

The degree to which the COVID-19 pandemic impacts our operations, business, financial results, liquidity, and financial condition will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain, continuously evolving and cannot be predicted. This includes, but is not limited to, the duration and spread of the pandemic, its severity, actions to contain the virus or treat its impact, and how quickly and to what extent normal economic and operating conditions can resume.

 

Declines in consumer spending and other adverse changes in the economy could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results.

 

Our product purchases are predominately driven by discretionary spending by consumers. We believe that consumer spending is influenced by general economic conditions and the availability of discretionary income. This makes our products particularly sensitive to general economic conditions and economic cycles as consumers are generally more willing to make discretionary purchases, including purchases of products like ours, during periods in which favorable economic conditions prevail. Adverse economic conditions, such as a prolonged U.S. or international general economic downturn, whether or not caused by COVID-19, including periods of increased inflation, unemployment levels, tax rates, interest rates, energy prices, or declining consumer confidence, could also reduce consumer spending. Reduced consumer spending may in the future result in reduced demand for our products and may also require increased selling and promotional expenses, which has had and may continue to have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results. In addition, during periods of relative economic weakness, our consolidated credit risk, reflecting our counterparty dealings with distributors, customers, capital providers and others may increase, perhaps materially so. As a result of COVID-19, our counterparty credit risk may be particularly exacerbated, as certain of our counterparties may face financial difficulties in paying owed amounts on a timely basis or at all. Furthermore, uncertainty and adverse changes in the economy could also increase the risk of material losses on our investments, costs associated with developing and publishing our products, the cost and availability of sources of financing, and our exposure to material losses from bad debts, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results. If economic conditions worsen, our business, financial condition and operating results could be adversely affected.

 

We are particularly susceptible to market conditions and risks specific to the entertainment industry, which include the popularity, price, and timing of our products; changes in consumer demographics; the availability and popularity of other forms of entertainment and leisure; and critical reviews and public tastes and preferences, which may change rapidly and cannot necessarily be predicted.

 

 

The video game and esports industry is significantly dependent on the popularity of a small number of games, and we may not have access to “hit” games or titles.

 

The video game and esports industries have generally been dominated by a select few “hit” game titles. Accordingly, the success of our esports events will be closely linked to the quality and popularity of the games we publish or support for our esports events. Further, if we are unable to produce engaging and popular games, we may fail to sell the expected number of console games, meet our target install number for our mobile games, attract sufficient numbers of gamers to participate in our esports events and our live esports streams may not attract a growing audience, all of which may have a material and adverse impact on our results of operations and financial conditions.

 

We depend on a relatively small number of franchises for a significant portion of our revenues and profits.

 

We follow a franchise model and a significant portion of our revenues has historically been derived from products based on a relatively small number of popular franchises. These products are responsible for a disproportionately high percentage of our profits. For example, revenues associated with the NASCAR Heat franchise accounted for approximately 99% of our total net revenue for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 and the nine months ended September 30, 2020, and we expect this franchise to continue to account for the majority of our revenue for the year ended December 31, 2020. In the future, we expect this trend to continue with a relatively limited number of franchises producing a disproportionately high percentage of our revenues and profits. Due to this dependence on a limited number of franchises, the failure to achieve anticipated results by one or more products based on these franchises could negatively impact our business. Additionally, if the popularity of a franchise declines, we may have to write off the unrecovered portion of the underlying intellectual property assets, which could negatively impact our business.

 

Our ability to acquire and maintain licenses to intellectual property, especially for sports titles, affects our revenue and profitability. Competition for these licenses may make them more expensive and increase our costs.

 

Most of our products and services are based on or incorporate intellectual property owned by others. For example, we have obtained an exclusive license for our NASCAR racing video games and related-esports franchise (subject to certain limited exceptions), and, through a series of joint ventures with various racing series, we own, or are in the process of obtaining, exclusive rights to operate various esports tournaments and leagues, including the Le Mans Esports tournament and the eNHPL. Competition for these licenses and rights is intense. If we are unable to maintain these licenses and rights or obtain additional licenses or rights with significant commercial value, our ability to develop successful and engaging games and services may be adversely affected and our revenue, profitability and cash flows may decline significantly. Competition for these licenses also may increase minimum guarantees and royalty rates payable to licensors and developers, which could significantly increase our costs and reduce our profitability.

 

The importance of retail sales to our business exposes us to the risks of that business model.

 

While our customer base is increasingly purchasing our games as digital downloads, retail sales will remain important to our business. These products are sold primarily through a distribution network with exclusive partners who specialize in the distribution of games, including through mass-market retailers (e.g., Target, Wal-Mart), consumer electronics stores (e.g., Best Buy), discount warehouses, game specialty stores (e.g., GameStop) and other online retail stores (e.g., Amazon). The loss of, or a significant reduction in sales by, any of these retailers could have adverse consequences to our business and results of operations.

 

Moreover, the importance of retail sales to our business exposes us to the risk of price protection with respect to our distribution partners and retailers. Price protection, when granted, allows these distribution partners and retailers to receive a credit from us against amounts owed to us with respect to merchandise unsold by them. We typically grant price protection to distribution partners and retailers who meet certain conditions, which include compliance with applicable payment and marketing terms, delivery of weekly inventory and sales information and consistent participation in the launches of premium title releases. We may also consider other factors, including the facilitation of slow-moving inventory and other industry factors. Although we maintain a reserve for price protection, and although we may place limits on price protection, we may be required to provide substantial price protection to maintain our relationships with retailers and our distribution partners.

 

 

Further, retailers typically have a limited amount of “brick and mortar” shelf space and promotional resources, and there is intense competition for high-quality retail shelf space and promotional support from retailers. Similarly, for online retail sales, there is increasing competition for premium placement on websites. Competition for shelf space or premium online placement may intensify and require us to increase our marketing expenditures. Additionally, retailers with limited shelf space typically devote the most and highest quality shelf space to those products expected to be best sellers, such as those perceived to be “AAA” titles. We cannot be certain that our new products will achieve such “best seller” status. Due to increased competition for limited shelf space, retailers and distribution partners are in an increasingly strong position to negotiate favorable terms of sale, including price discounts, price protection and marketing and display fees, as applicable. Our products constitute a relatively small percentage of most retailers’ sales volume. We cannot be certain that retailers will continue to purchase our products or provide those products with adequate levels of shelf space and promotional support on acceptable terms.

 

We primarily depend on a single third-party distribution partner to distribute our games for the retail channel, and our ability to negotiate favorable terms with such partner and its continued willingness to purchase our games is critical for our business.

 

As discussed above, our products are sold primarily through a distribution network with exclusive partners that specialize in the distribution of games and, in turn, sell our products to retailers. We currently derive, and expect to continue to derive, significant revenues from sales of our products to a very limited number of distribution partners. For the year ended December 31, 2019 and the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we had one distribution partner through which we sold substantially all of our products for the retail market, which represented approximately 40% and 32% of our total net revenue for the year ended December 31, 2019 and the nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively. This concentration of sales to a single distribution partner could lead to a disruption to our business if this partner significantly reduces its purchases or ceases to offer our products. We also could be more vulnerable to collection risk if this partner experiences a deterioration of its business or declares bankruptcy. Having a significant portion of our retail sales concentrated through a single distribution partner could also reduce our negotiating leverage. Accordingly, if we are unable to negotiate favorable terms with our existing or future distribution partners, our business and results of operations could be adversely affected.

 

Our digital entertainment and social platform, www.motorsportgames.com, and our other current and future digital entertainment and social platforms, are dependent on our ability to provide interesting and useful high-quality content.

 

The quality of the content offered on www.motorsportgames.com and our other current and future digital entertainment and social platforms is critical to the success of such platforms. In order to attract and retain users, we must offer interesting and useful high-quality content and enhance our users’ viewing experience. Further, we must remain sensitive to and responsive to evolving user preferences and offer content that appeals to our users. For example, in 2021, we plan to develop and produce live original reality television shows that include interactive broadcasts, live streaming, and social media-oriented programs (including on Twitch.tv, YouTube, Facebook, Motorsport.tv and other potential partners) for our own over-the-top (“OTT”) racing esports channel, which we expect to host on APEX, our go-to destination for the virtual racing community that we are currently developing. If we are unable to generate quality content satisfactory to our users, we may suffer from reduced user traffic, which could negatively impact our business.

 

Our business is partly dependent on our ability to enter into successful software development arrangements with third parties.

 

We currently rely on third-party software developers for the partial development of all of our titles, and in the future, we expect to continue to rely on third-party software developers for the partial development of some of our titles. Accordingly, our success depends in part on our ability to enter into successful software development arrangements with such third-party developers. Generally, quality third-party developers are continually in high demand. Software developers who have helped develop titles for us in the past may not be available to develop software for us in the future for various reasons, including their engagement on other projects. Due to the limited number of quality third-party software developers and the limited control that we exercise over them, these developers may not be able to complete titles for us on a timely basis, within acceptable quality standards, or at all. Additionally, we have entered into agreements with certain third parties to use licensed intellectual property in our titles. These agreements typically require us to make development payments, pay license fees and satisfy other conditions. Our development payments may not be sufficient to permit developers to develop new software successfully, which could result in material delays and significantly increase our costs in bringing particular products to market. Future sales of our titles may not be sufficient to recover development payments and advances to software developers and licensors, and we may not have adequate financial and other resources to satisfy our contractual commitments to such developers. If we fail to satisfy our obligations under agreements with third-party developers and licensors, the agreements may be terminated or modified in ways that are burdensome to us, and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results.

 

 

Our business depends in part on the success and availability of platforms and mass media channels developed by third parties and our ability to develop commercially successful content, products, and services for those platforms.

 

The success of our business is driven in part by the commercial success and adequate supply of third-party platforms for which we develop our products and services or through which our products and services are distributed or marketed, including our league tournaments and competitions, such as through Twitch. Our success also depends on our ability to accurately predict which channels, platforms and distribution methods will be successful in the marketplace, our ability to develop commercially successful content, products and services for these platforms, our ability to simultaneously manage products and services on multiple platforms, our ability to effectively transition our products and services to new platforms, and our ability to effectively manage the transition of our gamers from one generation or demographic to the next. We must make product development decisions and commit significant resources well in advance of the commercial availability of new platforms and channels, and we may incur significant expense to adjust our product portfolio and development efforts in response to changing consumer preferences. Additionally, we may enter into certain exclusive licensing arrangements that affect our ability to deliver or market products or services on certain channels and platforms. A platform for which we are developing products and services may not succeed as expected or new platforms may take market share and interactive entertainment consumers away from platforms for which we have devoted significant resources. If consumer demand for the channels or platforms for which we are developing products and services is lower than our expectations, we may be unable to fully recover the investments we have made in developing our products and services, and our financial performance will be harmed. Alternatively, a channel or platform for which we have not devoted significant resources could be more successful than we initially anticipated, causing us to not be able to take advantage of meaningful revenue opportunities.

 

Third-party platform providers may be able to influence our products and costs.

 

We plan to derive significant revenues from the distribution of certain of our future products on third-party mobile and web platforms, such as the Apple App Store, the Google Play Store, and Facebook. These platforms may also serve as significant online distribution platforms for, and/or provide other services critical for the operation of, a number of our games. If these platforms modify their current or future discovery mechanisms, communication channels available to developers, operating systems, terms of service or other policies (including fees), or they develop their own competitive offerings, our business could be negatively impacted. Additionally, if these platform providers are required to change how they label free-to-play games or take payment for in-app purchases or change how the personal information of consumers is made available to developers, our business could be negatively impacted.

 

Moreover, when we develop interactive entertainment software products for hardware platforms offered by companies such as Sony, Microsoft, or Nintendo, the physical products are replicated exclusively by that hardware manufacturer or their approved replicator. The agreements with these manufacturers typically include certain provisions, such as approval rights over all software products and related promotional materials and the ability to change the fee they charge for the manufacturing of products, which allow the hardware manufacturers substantial influence over the cost and the release schedule of such interactive entertainment software products. In addition, because each of the manufacturers is also a publisher of games for its own hardware platforms and may manufacture products for other licensees, a manufacturer may give priority to its own products or those of our competitors. Accordingly, console manufacturers like Sony, Microsoft, or Nintendo could cause unanticipated delays in the release of our products, as well as increases to projected development, manufacturing, marketing or distribution costs, any of which could negatively impact our business.

 

 

The platform providers also control the networks over which consumers purchase digital products and services for their platforms and through which we provide online game capabilities for our products. The control that the platform providers have over the fee structures and/or retail pricing for products and services for their platforms and online networks could impact the volume of purchases of our products made over their networks and our profitability. With respect to certain downloadable content and microtransactions, the networks provided by these platform providers are the exclusive means of selling and distributing this content. Further, increased competition for limited premium “digital shelf space” has placed the platform providers in an increasingly better position to negotiate favorable terms of sale. If the platform provider establishes terms that restrict our offerings on its platform, significantly changes the financial terms on which these products or services are offered, or does not approve the inclusion of online capabilities in our console products, our business could be negatively impacted.

 

The increasing importance of free-to-play games to our business exposes us to the risks of that business model, including the dependence on a relatively small number of consumers for a significant portion of revenues and profits from any given game.

 

Currently, only our NASCAR Heat Mobile title is a free-to-play game, but the success of our business is partially dependent on our ability to develop, enhance and monetize additional free-to-play games. As such, we are increasingly exposed to the risks of the free-to-play business model. For example, we may invest in the development of new free-to-play interactive entertainment products that do not achieve significant commercial success, in which case our revenues from those products likely will be lower than anticipated and we may not recover our development costs. Further, if: (1) we are unable to continue to offer free-to-play games that encourage consumers to purchase our virtual currency and subsequently use it to buy our virtual items; (2) we fail to offer monetization features that appeal to these consumers; (3) these consumers do not continue to play our free-to-play games or purchase virtual items at the same rate; (4) our platform providers make it more difficult or expensive for players to purchase our virtual currency; or (5) we cannot encourage significant additional consumers to purchase virtual items in our free-to-play games, our business may be negatively impacted.

 

Furthermore, as there are relatively low barriers to entry to developing mobile or online free-to-play or other casual games, we expect new competitors to enter the market and existing competitors to allocate more resources to developing and marketing competing games and applications. We compete, or may compete, with a vast number of small companies and individuals who are able to create and launch casual games and other content using relatively limited resources and with relatively limited start-up time or expertise. Competition for the attention of consumers on mobile devices is intense, as the number of applications on mobile devices has been increasing dramatically, which, in turn, has required increased marketing to garner consumer awareness and attention. This increased competition could negatively impact our business. In addition, a continuing industry shift to free-to-play games could result in a deprioritization of our other products by traditional retailers and distributors.

 

We are subject to risks associated with operating in a rapidly developing industry and a relatively new market.

 

Many elements of our business are unique, evolving and relatively unproven. In particular, our esports business and prospects depend on the continuing development of live streaming of competitive esports gaming. The market for esports and amateur online gaming competitions is relatively new and rapidly developing and is subject to significant challenges. Our business relies upon our ability to cultivate and grow an active gamer community, and our ability to successfully monetize such community through tournament fees, subscriptions for our esports gaming services, and advertising and sponsorship opportunities. In addition, our continued growth depends, in part, on our ability to respond to constant changes in the esports gaming industry, including rapid technological evolution, continued shifts in gamer trends and demands, frequent introductions of new games and titles and the constant emergence of new industry standards and practices. Developing and integrating new games, titles, content, products, services or infrastructure could be expensive and time-consuming, and these efforts may not yield the benefits we expect to achieve. We cannot assure you that we will succeed in any of these aspects or that the esports gaming industry will continue to grow as rapidly as it has in the past.

 

 

We plan to continue to generate a portion of our revenues from advertising and sponsorship during our esports events. If we fail to attract more advertisers and sponsors to our gaming platform, tournaments or competitions, our revenues may be adversely affected.

 

We plan to continue to generate a portion of our revenues from advertising and sponsorship during our esports events as online viewership of our esports gaming offerings expand. Our revenues from advertising and sponsorship partly depend on the continual development of the online advertising industry and advertisers’ willingness to allocate budgets to online advertising in the esports gaming industry. In addition, companies that decide to advertise or promote online may utilize more established methods or channels, such as more established internet portals or search engines, over advertising on our gaming platform. If the online advertising and sponsorship market does not continue to grow, or if we are unable to capture and retain a sufficient share of that market, our ability to increase our current level of advertising and sponsorship revenue and our profitability and prospects may be materially and adversely affected.

 

We are reliant on the retention of certain key personnel and the hiring of strategically valuable personnel, and we may lose or be unable to hire one or more of such personnel.

 

Our success depends in part on the continued service of our founders, senior management team, key technical employees and other highly skilled personnel and on our ability to identify, hire, develop, motivate, retain and integrate highly qualified personnel for all areas of our organization. Certain employees, such as game designers, product managers and engineers, are in high demand, and we devote significant resources to identifying, hiring, training, successfully integrating and retaining these employees. We have historically hired a number of key personnel through acquisitions, and as competition with several other game companies increases, we may incur significant expenses in continuing this practice. If we are unable to attract and retain the necessary personnel, particularly in critical areas of our business, we may not achieve our strategic goals.

 

Competition in the interactive entertainment industry is intense, and our existing and potential users may be attracted to competing products or other forms of entertainment.

 

We compete with other publishers of interactive entertainment software, both within and outside the United States. Generally, some of our competitors include very large corporations with significantly greater financial, marketing and product development resources than we have. Our larger competitors may be able to leverage their greater financial, technical, personnel and other resources to provide larger budgets for development and marketing and make higher offers to licensors and developers for commercially desirable properties, as well as adopt more aggressive pricing policies to develop more commercially successful video game products than we do. In addition, competitors with large portfolios and popular games typically have greater influence with platform providers, retailers, distributors and other customers who may, in turn, provide more favorable support to those competitors’ games.

 

Further, the esports gaming industry generally is highly competitive. For our esports business, our competitors range from established leagues and championships owned directly, as well as leagues franchised by, well-known and capitalized game publishers and developers, interactive entertainment companies and diversified media companies to emerging start-ups, and we expect new competitors to continue to emerge throughout the amateur esports gaming ecosystem. If our competitors develop and launch competing amateur city leagues, tournaments or competitions, or develop a more successful amateur online gaming platform for games similar to ours, then our revenue, margins, and profitability will decline.

 

Additionally, we compete with other forms of entertainment and leisure activities. As our business continues to expand in complexity and scope, we have increased exposure to additional competitors, including those with access to large existing user bases and control over distribution channels. Further, it is difficult to predict and prepare for rapid changes in consumer demand that could materially alter public preferences for different forms of entertainment and leisure activities. Failure to adequately identify and adapt to these competitive pressures could negatively impact our business.

 

 

Our revenue may be harmed by the proliferation of “cheating” programs and scam offers that seek to exploit our games and players, which may negatively affect players’ game-playing experiences and our ability to reliably validate our audience metric reporting and may lead players to stop playing our games.

 

Unrelated third parties have developed, and may continue to develop, “cheating” programs that enable players to exploit vulnerabilities in our games, play them in an automated way, collude to alter the intended game play or obtain unfair advantages over other players who do play fairly. These programs harm the experience of players who play fairly and may reduce the demand for virtual items, disrupting our in-game economy. If we are unable to discover and disable these programs quickly, our operations may be disrupted, our reputation may be damaged, players may stop playing our games and our ability to reliably validate our audience metrics may be negatively affected. These “cheating” programs and scam offers may result in lost revenue from paying players, disrupt our in-game economies, divert our personnel’s time, increase costs of developing technological measures to combat these programs and activities, increase our customer service costs needed to respond to dissatisfied players, and lead to legal claims.

 

Some of our players may make sales or purchases of virtual items used in our games through unauthorized or fraudulent third-party websites, which may reduce our revenue.

 

Virtual items in our games have no monetary value outside of our games. Nonetheless, some of our players may make sales and/or purchases of our virtual items through unauthorized third-party sellers in exchange for real currency. These unauthorized or fraudulent transactions are usually arranged on third-party websites. The virtual items offered may have been obtained through unauthorized means such as exploiting vulnerabilities in our games, scamming our players with fake offers for virtual items or other game benefits, or credit card fraud. We do not generate any revenue from these transactions. These unauthorized purchases and sales from third-party sellers could impede our revenue and profit growth by, among other things:

 

	●	decreasing revenue from authorized transactions;
	●	creating downward pressure on the prices we charge players for our virtual currency and virtual items;
	●	increasing chargebacks from unauthorized credit card transactions;
	●	causing us to lose revenue from dissatisfied players who stop playing a particular game;
	●	increasing costs we incur to develop technological measures to curtail unauthorized transactions;
	●	resulting in negative publicity or harming our reputation with players and partners; and
	●	increasing customer support costs to respond to dissatisfied players.

 

There can be no assurance that our efforts to prevent or minimize these unauthorized or fraudulent transactions will be successful.

 

The success of our business relies heavily on our marketing and branding efforts, and these efforts may not be successful.

 

Because we are a consumer brand, we rely heavily on marketing and advertising to increase brand visibility with potential customers. We currently advertise through a blend of direct and indirect advertising channels, including through activities on Facebook, Twitter, Twitch, YouTube and other online social networks, online advertising, public relations activity, print and broadcast advertising, coordinated in-store and industry promotions (including merchandising and point of purchase displays), participation in cooperative advertising programs, direct response vehicles, and product sampling through demonstration software distributed through the Internet or the digital online services provided by our partners. We recorded approximately $3.8 million and $2.3 million of sales and marketing expenses for the year ended December 31, 2019 and the nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively.

 

 

Our business model is dependent in part on the success of our marketing and branding efforts. If we are unable to recover our marketing costs, or if our broad marketing campaigns are not successful or are terminated, it could have a material adverse effect on our growth, results of operations and financial condition.

 

Our games are subject to scrutiny regarding the appropriateness of their content. If we fail to receive our target ratings for certain titles, or if our retailers refuse to sell such titles due to what they perceive to be objectionable content, it could have a negative impact on our business.

 

Certain of our gaming products are subject to ratings by the Entertainment Software Rating Board (the “ESRB”), a self-regulatory body based in the U.S. that provides U.S. and Canadian consumers of interactive entertainment software with ratings information, including information on the content in such software, such as violence, nudity, or sexual content, along with an assessment of the suitability of the content for certain age groups. Certain other countries have also established content rating systems as prerequisites for product sales in those countries. In addition, certain stores use other ratings systems, such as Apple Inc.’s (“Apple”) use of its proprietary “App Rating System” and Google Play’s use of the International Age Rating Coalition (IARC) rating system. If we are unable to obtain the ratings we have targeted for our products, it could have a negative impact on our business. In some instances, we may be required to modify our products to meet the requirements of the rating systems, which could delay or disrupt the release of any given product, or may prevent its sale altogether in certain territories. Further, if one of our games is “re-rated” for any reason, a ratings organization could require corrective actions, which could include a recall, retailers could refuse to sell it and demand that we accept the return of any unsold or returned copies or consumers could demand a refund for copies previously purchased.

 

Additionally, although lawsuits seeking damages for injuries allegedly suffered by third parties as a result of video games have generally been unsuccessful in the courts, claims of this kind may be asserted and be successful in the future.

 

We rely on Internet search engines and social networking sites to help drive traffic to our website, and if we fail to appear prominently in search results or fail to drive traffic through paid advertising, our traffic would decline and our business would be adversely affected.

 

We depend in part on Internet search engines such as Google, Bing and Yahoo! and social networking sites such as Facebook to drive traffic to our websites. Our ability to maintain and increase the number of visitors directed to our websites is not entirely within our control. Our competitors may increase their search engine optimization efforts and outbid us for search terms on various search engines, resulting in their websites receiving a higher search result page ranking than ours. Additionally, Internet search engines could revise their methodologies in a way that would adversely affect our search result rankings. If Internet search engines modify their search algorithms in ways that are detrimental to us, or if our competitors’ efforts are more successful than ours, overall growth in our customer base could slow or our customer base could decline. Our websites have experienced fluctuations in search result rankings in the past, and we anticipate similar fluctuations in the future. Any reduction in the number of users directed to our website through Internet search engines could harm our business and operating results.

 

Government regulations applicable to us may negatively impact our business.

 

We are subject to a number of foreign and domestic laws and regulations that affect companies conducting business on the Internet. In addition, laws and regulations relating to user privacy, electronic contracts and communications, mobile communications, data collection, retention, consumer protection, OTT and publishing activities, including production and delivery of content, advertising, localization, and information security have been adopted or are being considered for adoption by many jurisdictions and countries throughout the world. These laws, including the General Data Protection Regulation and the California Consumer Privacy Act, which have restricted our ability to gather and use data about our users, could harm our business by limiting the products and services we can offer consumers or the manner in which we offer them. Data privacy, data protection, localization, security and consumer-protection laws are evolving, and the interpretation and application of these laws in the United States (including compliance with the California Consumer Privacy Act), Europe (including compliance with the General Data Protection Regulation), and elsewhere often are uncertain, contradictory and changing. It is possible that these laws may be interpreted or applied in a manner that is averse to us or otherwise inconsistent with our practices, which could result in litigation, regulatory investigations and potential legal liability or require us to change our practices in a manner adverse to our business. As a result, our reputation and brand may be harmed, we could incur substantial costs, and we could lose both gamers and revenue. Furthermore, the costs of compliance with these laws may increase in the future as a result of changes in interpretation. Any failure on our part to comply with these laws or the application of these laws in an unanticipated manner may harm our business and result in penalties or significant legal liability.

 

 

Certain of our business models could be subject to new laws or regulations or evolving interpretations of existing laws and regulations. For example, the growth and development of electronic commerce, virtual items and virtual currency has prompted calls for laws and regulations that could limit or restrict the sale of our products and services or otherwise impact our products and services. In addition, we include modes in our games that allow players to compete against each other and manage player competitions that are based on our products and services. New laws related to these business models, or changes in the interpretation of current laws that impact these business models, could subject us to additional regulation and oversight, lessen the engagement with, and growth of, profitable business models, and expose us to increased compliance costs, significant liability, penalties and harm to our reputation and brand.

 

We are subject to laws in certain foreign countries, and adhere to industry standards in the United States, that mandate rating requirements or set other restrictions on the advertisement or distribution of interactive entertainment software based on content. In addition, certain foreign countries allow government censorship of interactive entertainment software products. Adoption of ratings systems, censorship or restrictions on distribution of interactive entertainment software based on content could harm our business by limiting the products we are able to offer to our customers. In addition, compliance with new and possibly inconsistent regulations for different territories could be costly, delay or prevent the release of our products in those territories.

 

Companies and governmental agencies may restrict access to platforms, our website, mobile applications or the Internet generally, which could lead to the loss or slower growth of our player base.

 

Our players generally need to access the Internet and platforms such as the Apple App Store, Google Play Store, Facebook, or our gaming platform to play many of our games. Companies and governmental agencies could block access to any platform, our website, mobile applications or the Internet generally for a number of reasons such as security or confidentiality concerns or regulatory reasons, or they may adopt policies that prohibit employees from accessing Apple, Google, Facebook, and our website or any social platform. If companies or governmental entities block or limit access or otherwise adopt policies restricting players from playing our games, our business could be negatively impacted and we could lose or experience slower growth in our player base.

 

If we do not adequately address the shift to mobile device technology by our customers, operating results could be harmed and our growth could be negatively affected.

 

Consumers are increasingly using their mobile devices for entertainment, including for playing mobile games. According to Barclays, mobile gaming is estimated to represent 46% of current industry revenues and is expected to reach 60% by 2025. Further, with a projected 2.6 billion total mobile gamers for 2020 according to data from NewZoo, mobile games are forecasted to generate revenues of $86.3 billion in 2020. As a result, our future success depends in part on our ability to provide adequate functionality for mobile gamers. The shift to mobile technology by our users may harm our business in the following ways:

 

	●	Customers visiting our website from a mobile device may not accept mobile technology as a viable long-term platform to play. This may occur for a number of reasons, including our ability to provide the same level of website functionality to a mobile device that we provide on a desktop computer, the actual or perceived lack of security of information on a mobile device and possible disruptions of service or connectivity.
	●	We may not continue to innovate and introduce enhanced products that can be suitably conveyed on mobile platforms.
	●	Consumers using mobile devices may believe that our competitors offer superior products and features based in part on our inability to provide sufficient website functionality to convince a mobile device user to transact with us.

 

 

If we do not develop suitable functionality for users who visit our website using a mobile device or consumers do not play our mobile gaming products, our business and operating results could be harmed.

 

We are exposed to seasonality in the sale of our retail products.

 

The interactive entertainment industry is seasonal, with the highest levels of consumer demand occurring during and around the launch of the seasonal annual update of a racing series product, the overall start of the racing season, and the calendar year-end holiday buying season. Receivables and credit risk are likewise higher during these periods, as retailers increase their purchases of our products in anticipation of increased demand. Delays in development, approvals or manufacturing could affect the timing of the release of products, causing us to miss key selling periods, which could negatively impact our business.

 

Our retail products, online gaming platform and games offered through our gaming platform may contain defects.

 

Our retail products, online gaming platform and the games offered through our gaming platform are extremely complex and are difficult to develop and distribute. We have quality controls in place to detect defects in our retail products and gaming platform before they are released. Nonetheless, these quality controls are subject to human error, overriding, and resource or technical constraints. Further, we have not undertaken independent third-party testing, verification or analysis of our gaming platform and associated systems and controls. Therefore, our products, gaming platform and quality controls and the preventative measures we have implemented may not be effective in detecting all defects in our products and gaming platform. In the event a significant defect in our retail products, gaming platform and associated systems and controls is realized, we could be required to offer refunds, suspend the availability of our esports events and other gameplay, or expend significant resources to cure the defect, each of which could significantly harm our business and operating results.

 

We may be held liable for information or content displayed on, retrieved from or linked to our gaming platform, or distributed to our users.

 

Our interactive live streaming platform enables gamers to exchange information and engage in various other online activities. Although we require our gamers to register under their real names, we do not require user identifications used and displayed during gameplay to contain any real-name information, and hence we are unable to verify the sources of all the information posted by our gamers. In addition, because a majority of the communications on our online and in-person gaming platform is conducted in real time, we are unable to examine the content generated by gamers before it is posted or streamed. Therefore, it is possible that gamers may engage in illegal, obscene or incendiary conversations or activities, including publishing of inappropriate or illegal content. If any content on our platform is deemed illegal, obscene or incendiary, or if appropriate licenses and third-party consents have not been obtained, claims may be brought against us for defamation, libel, negligence, copyright, patent or trademark infringement, other unlawful activities or other theories and claims based on the nature and content of the information delivered on or otherwise accessed through our platform. Moreover, the costs of compliance may continue to increase when more content is made available on our platform as a result of our growing base of gamers, which may adversely affect our results of operations.

 

Additionally, we currently generate, and intend to generate in the future, revenue through offering advertising within certain of our franchises. The content of in-game advertisements is generally created and delivered by third-party advertisers without our pre-approval, and, as such, objectionable content may be published in our games by these advertisers. This objectionable third party-created content may expose us to regulatory action or claims related to content, or otherwise negatively impact our business.

 

 

We may experience security breaches and cyber threats.

 

We continually face cyber risks and threats that seek to damage, disrupt or gain access to our networks and our gaming platform, supporting infrastructure, intellectual property and other assets. In addition, we rely on technological infrastructure, including third-party cloud hosting and broadband, provided by third-party business partners to support the in-person and online functionality of our gaming platform. These business partners are also subject to cyber risks and threats. Such cyber risks and threats may be difficult to detect, and the techniques that may be used to obtain unauthorized access or disable, degrade, exploit or sabotage our networks and gaming platform change frequently and often are not detected. Our systems and processes to guard against cyber risks and to help protect our data and systems, and the systems and processes of our third-party business partners, may not be adequate. Any failure to prevent or mitigate security breaches or cyber risks, or respond adequately to a security breach or cyber risk, could result in interruptions to our gaming platform, degrade the gamer experience, cause gamers to lose confidence in our gaming platform and cease utilizing it, as well as significant legal and financial exposure. This could harm our business and reputation, disrupt our relationships with partners and diminish our competitive position.

 

Our business could be adversely affected if our data privacy and security practices are inadequate, or are perceived as being inadequate, to prevent data breaches, or under the applicable data privacy and security laws generally.

 

In the course of our business, we may collect, process, store and use gamer and other information, including personally identifiable information, passwords and credit card information. Our security controls, policies and practices may not be able to prevent the improper or unauthorized access, acquisition or disclosure of such information. The unauthorized access, acquisition or disclosure of this information, or a perception that we do not adequately secure this information, could result in legal liability, costly remedial measures, governmental and regulatory investigations, harm our profitability and reputation and cause our financial results to be materially affected. In addition, third-party vendors and business partners receive access to information that we collect. These vendors and business partners may not prevent data security breaches with respect to the information we provide them or fully enforce our policies, contractual obligations and disclosures regarding the collection, use, storage, transfer and retention of personal data. A data security breach of one of our vendors or business partners could cause reputational harm to them and/or negatively impact our credibility to our gamer community.

 

We depend on servers and Internet bandwidth to operate our games and digital services with online features. If we were to lose server capacity or lack sufficient Internet bandwidth for any reason, our business could suffer.

 

We rely on data servers, including those owned or controlled by third parties, to enable our customers to download our games and other downloadable content, to access our online gaming platform, and to operate our online games and other products with online functionality. Events such as limited hardware failure, any broad-based catastrophic server malfunction, a significant intrusion by hackers that circumvents security measures, or a failure of disaster recovery services would likely interrupt the functionality of our games with online services and could result in a loss of sales for games and related services. An extended interruption of service could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results. See “—Risks Related to Our Business and Industry—A significant disruption in service on our website or platforms could damage our reputation and result in a loss of traffic and visitors, which could harm our business, brand, operating results and financial condition” for additional information.

 

If we underestimate the amount of server capacity our business requires or if our business were to grow more quickly than expected, our consumers may experience service problems, such as slow or interrupted gaming access. Insufficient server capacity may result in decreased sales, a loss of our consumer base and adverse consequences to our reputation. Conversely, if we overestimate the amount of server capacity required by our business, we may incur additional operating costs.

 

Because of the importance of our online business to our revenues and results of operations, our ability to access adequate Internet bandwidth and online computational resources to support our business is critical. If the price of either such resource increases, we may not be able to increase our prices or subscriber levels to compensate for such costs, which could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.

 

 

A significant disruption in service on our website or platforms could damage our reputation and result in a loss of traffic and visitors, which could harm our business, brand, operating results and financial condition.

 

Our brands, reputation and ability to attract gamers or visitors depend on the reliable performance of our games, website and the supporting systems, technology and infrastructure. We may experience significant interruptions with our systems in the future. Interruptions in these systems, whether due to system failures, programming or configuration errors, computer viruses, or physical or electronic break-ins, could affect the availability of our inventory on our website and prevent or inhibit the ability of customers to access our website. Problems with the reliability or security of our systems could harm our reputation, result in a loss of customers and result in additional costs.

 

Substantially all of the communications, network and computer hardware used to operate our websites are located at co-location facilities. Although we have multiple locations, our systems are not fully redundant. In addition, we do not own or control the operation of these facilities. Our systems and operations are vulnerable to damage or interruption from fire, flood, power loss, telecommunications failure, terrorist attacks, acts of war, electronic and physical break-ins, computer viruses, earthquakes, and similar events. The occurrence of any of these events could damage our systems and hardware or could cause them to fail.

 

Problems faced by our third-party web hosting providers could adversely affect the experience of our customers. For example, our third-party web hosting providers could close their facilities without adequate notice. Any financial difficulties, up to and including bankruptcy, faced by our third-party web hosting providers or any of the service providers with whom they contract may have negative effects on our business, the nature and extent of which are difficult to predict. If our third-party web hosting providers are unable to keep up with our growing capacity needs, our business could be harmed.

 

Any errors, defects, disruptions, or other performance or reliability problems with our network operations could interrupt our customers’ access to our inventory and our access to data that drives our inventory listing operations, as well as cause delays and additional expense in arranging access to video and digital content and services, any of which could harm our reputation, business, operating results and financial condition.

 

Our business partners may be unable to honor their obligations to us or their actions may put us at risk.

 

We rely on various business partners, including third-party service providers, vendors, licensing partners, development partners, and licensees in many areas of our business. Their actions may put our business and our reputation and brand at risk. For example, we may have disputes with our business partners that may impact our business and/or financial results. In many cases, our business partners may be given access to sensitive and proprietary information in order to provide services and support to our teams, and they may misappropriate our information and engage in unauthorized use of it. In addition, the failure of these third parties to provide adequate services and technologies, or the failure of the third parties to adequately maintain or update their services and technologies, could result in a disruption to our business operations. Further, disruptions in the financial markets, economic downturns, poor business decisions, insolvency, or reputational harm may adversely affect our business partners, and they may not be able to continue honoring their obligations to us or we may cease our arrangements with them. Alternative arrangements and services may not be available to us on commercially reasonable terms, or we may experience business interruptions upon a transition to an alternative partner or vendor. If we lose one or more significant business partners, including due to their insolvency or business failure, our business could be harmed and our financial results could be materially affected.

 

Failure to adequately protect our intellectual property, technology and confidential information could harm our business and operating results.

 

Our business depends on our intellectual property, technology and confidential information, the protection of which is crucial to the success of our business. We rely on a combination of patent, trademark, trade secret and copyright law and contractual restrictions to protect our intellectual property, technology and confidential information. In addition, we attempt to protect our intellectual property, technology and confidential information by requiring certain of our employees and consultants to enter into confidentiality and assignment of inventions agreements and certain third parties to enter into nondisclosure agreements. These agreements may not effectively grant all necessary rights to any inventions that may have been developed by the employees and consultants. In addition, these agreements may not effectively prevent unauthorized use or disclosure of our confidential information, intellectual property or technology and may not provide an adequate remedy in the event of unauthorized use or disclosure of our confidential information, intellectual property, or technology. Despite our efforts to protect our proprietary rights, unauthorized parties may attempt to copy aspects of our website features, software and functionality or obtain and use information that we consider to be proprietary. Changes in the law or adverse court rulings may also negatively affect our ability to prevent others from using our technology.

 

 

We currently lease or hold rights to certain domain names associated with our business. The regulation of domain names in the United States is subject to change. Regulatory bodies could establish additional top-level domains, appoint additional domain name registrars, or modify the requirements for holding domain names. As a result, we may not be able to acquire or maintain all domain names that are otherwise important for our business.

 

The costs involved in enforcement of our intellectual property rights could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

We pursue the registration of our copyrights, trademarks, service marks, domain names, and patents in the U.S. and in certain locations outside the U.S. This process can be expensive and time-consuming, may not always be successful depending on local laws or other circumstances, and we also may choose not to pursue registrations in every location depending on the nature of the project to which the intellectual property rights pertain. We may, over time, increase our investments in protecting our creative works. Enforcement of our intellectual property rights to certain trademarks and service marks, such as NASCAR, the BTCC and/or Le Mans, will require reliance on enforcement efforts of third parties.

 

Litigation may be necessary to enforce our intellectual property rights, protect our trade secrets or determine the validity and scope of proprietary rights claimed by others. Any litigation of this nature, regardless of outcome or merit, could result in substantial costs, adverse publicity, and diversion of management and technical resources, any of which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. If we fail to maintain, protect and enhance our intellectual property rights, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be harmed.

 

We may be subject to claims of infringement of third-party intellectual property rights.

 

From time to time, third parties may claim that we have infringed their intellectual property rights. For example, patent holding companies may assert patent claims against us in which they seek to monetize patents they have purchased or otherwise obtained. Although we take steps to avoid knowingly violating the intellectual property rights of others, it is possible that third parties still may claim infringement.

 

Existing or future infringement claims against us, whether valid or not, may be expensive to defend and divert the attention of our employees from business operations. Such claims or litigation could require us to pay damages, royalties, legal fees and other costs. We also could be required to stop offering, distributing or supporting our products, our gaming platform or other features or services, including esports events, which incorporate the affected intellectual property rights, redesign products, features or services to avoid infringement, or obtain a license, all of which could be costly and harm our business.

 

In addition, many patents have been issued that may apply to potential new modes of delivering, playing or monetizing interactive entertainment software products and services, such as those offered on our gaming platform or that we would like to offer in the future. We may discover that future opportunities to provide new and innovative modes of game play and game delivery to gamers may be precluded by existing patents that we are unable to license on reasonable terms, or at all.

 

 

Our technology, content, and brands are subject to the threat of piracy, unauthorized copying and other forms of intellectual property infringement.

 

We regard our technology, content, and brands as proprietary. Piracy and other forms of unauthorized copying and use of our technology, content, and brands are persistent, and policing is difficult. Further, the laws of some countries in which our products are or may be distributed either do not protect our intellectual property rights to the same extent as the laws of the United States or are poorly enforced. Legal protection of our rights may be ineffective in such countries. In addition, although we take steps to enforce and police our rights, factors such as the proliferation of technology designed to circumvent the protection measures used by our business partners or by us, the availability of broadband access to the Internet, the refusal of Internet service providers or platform holders to remove infringing content in certain instances, and the proliferation of online channels through which infringing product is distributed all may contribute to an expansion in unauthorized copying of our technology, content, and brands.

 

We use open source software in connection with certain of our games and services, which may pose particular risks to our proprietary software, products, and services in a manner that could have a negative impact on our business.

 

We use open source software in our platform and expect to use open source software in the future. The term of various open source licenses has not been interpreted by United States courts, and there is a risk that such licenses could be construed in a manner that imposes unanticipated conditions or restrictions on our ability to market our software and services. By the terms of certain open source licenses, we could be required to release the source code of our proprietary software, and to make our proprietary software available under open source licenses, if we combine our proprietary software with open source software in a certain manner. In the event that portions of our proprietary software are determined to be subject to an open source license, we could be required to publicly release the affected portions of our source code, or to re-engineer all or a portion of our technologies or otherwise be limited in the licensing of our technologies, each of which could reduce or eliminate the value of our technologies and services. In addition to risks related to license requirements, usage of open source software can lead to greater risks than use of third-party commercial software, as open source licensors generally do not provide warranties or controls on the origin of the software. Many of the risks associated with usage of open source software cannot be eliminated and could negatively affect our business and operating results.

 

We rely on third-party technology to complete critical business functions. If that technology becomes unavailable or fails to adequately serve our needs and we cannot find alternatives, it may negatively impact our operating results.

 

We rely on third-party technology for certain of our critical business functions, including game engines such as Unreal and Unity™, among others, as well as our back-office tools and technologies, such as enterprise resource planning, finance, development and analytics tracking systems. If these technologies fail, or otherwise become unavailable, or we cannot maintain our relationships with the technology providers and we cannot find suitable alternatives, our financial condition and operating results may be adversely affected.

 

Our international operations are subject to increased challenges and risks.

 

Attracting players in international markets is a critical element of our business strategy. An important part of targeting international markets is developing offerings that are localized and customized for the players in those markets. Additionally, we currently have operations in the United Kingdom and Russia and may seek to further expand our international operations. Our ability to expand our business and to attract talented employees and players in an increasing number of international markets will require considerable management attention and resources and is subject to the particular challenges of supporting a rapidly growing business in an environment of multiple languages, cultures, customs, legal systems, alternative dispute systems, regulatory systems and commercial infrastructures. Expanding our international focus may increase risks that we currently face, including risks associated with:

 

	●	inability to offer certain games in certain foreign countries;
	●	recruiting and retaining talented and capable management and employees in foreign countries;

 

 

	●	challenges caused by distance, language and cultural differences;
	●	developing and customizing games and other offerings that appeal to the tastes and preferences of players in international markets;
	●	competition from local game makers with intellectual property rights and significant market share in those markets and with a better understanding of local player preferences;
	●	utilizing, protecting, defending and enforcing our intellectual property rights;
	●	negotiating agreements with local distribution platforms that are sufficiently economically beneficial to us and protective of our rights;
	●	the inability to extend proprietary rights in our brand, content or technology into new jurisdictions;
	●	implementing alternative payment methods for virtual items in a manner that complies with local laws and practices and protects us from fraud;
	●	compliance with applicable foreign laws and regulations, including privacy laws and laws relating to content and consumer protection, including, but not limited to, the United States Federal Trade Commission Act, various state consumer protection and video game control laws, and the United Kingdom’s Office of Fair Trading’s 2014 principles relating to in-app purchases in free-to-play games that are directed toward children 16 and under;
	●	compliance with anti-bribery laws, including the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act in the United States and the Bribery Act 2010 in the United Kingdom;
	●	credit risk and higher levels of payment fraud;
	●	currency exchange rate fluctuations;
	●	protectionist laws and business practices that favor local businesses in some countries;
	●	potentially adverse tax consequences due to changes in the tax laws of the U.S. or the foreign jurisdictions in which we operate;
	●	political, economic and social instability;
	●	public health crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, which can result in varying impacts to our employees, players, vendors and commercial partners internationally;
	●	higher costs associated with doing business internationally;
	●	export or import regulations; and
	●	trade and tariff restrictions.

 

If we are unable to manage the complexity of our global operations successfully, our business, financial condition and operating results could be adversely affected. Additionally, our ability to successfully gain market acceptance in any particular market is uncertain, and the distraction of our senior management team could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

 

The exit by the United Kingdom from the European Union could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

The United Kingdom left the European Union on January 31, 2020 (commonly referred to as “Brexit”) and entered into a transition period in which the United Kingdom and the European Union are negotiating their future relationship, including the terms of trade between the United Kingdom and the European Union. The effects of Brexit will depend on any agreements the United Kingdom makes to retain access to European Union markets after the transitional period. Brexit could lead to legal uncertainty and potentially divergent national laws and regulations as the United Kingdom determines which European Union laws to replace or replicate.

 

The announcement of Brexit caused (and the post-transition period relationship between the United Kingdom and the European Union is expected to cause future) significant volatility in global stock markets and significant fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, which will affect our financial results as we report in U.S. dollars. The announcement of Brexit also created (and the post-transition period relationship between the United Kingdom and the European Union may create future) global economic uncertainty, which may cause our players to reduce the amount of money they spend on our games. The post-transition period relationship between the United Kingdom and the European Union could cause disruptions to and create uncertainty surrounding our business, including affecting our United Kingdom operations and relationships with existing and future players, suppliers and employees. Any of these effects of Brexit, and others we cannot anticipate, could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

Catastrophic events may disrupt our business.

 

Natural disasters, cyber-incidents, weather events, wildfires, power disruptions, telecommunications failures, public health outbreaks, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, failed upgrades of existing systems or migrations to new systems, acts of terrorism or other events could cause outages, disruptions and/or degradations of our infrastructure, including our or our partners’ information technology and network systems, a failure in our ability to conduct normal business operations, or the closure of public spaces in which players engage with our games and services. The health and safety of our employees, players, third-party organizations with whom we partner or regulatory agencies on which we rely could be also affected, which may prevent us from executing our business strategies or cause a decrease in consumer demand for our products and services. System redundancy may be ineffective and our disaster recovery and business continuity planning may not be sufficient for all eventualities. Such failures, disruptions, closures, or an inability to conduct normal business operations could also prevent access to our products, services or online platforms selling our products and services, cause delays or interruptions in our product or live services offerings, allow breaches of data security or result in the loss of critical data. For example, several of our key locations have experienced temporary closures as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, several retailers have experienced, and continue to experience, closures, reduced operating hours and/or other restrictions as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, which has negatively impacted the sales of our products from such retailers. An event that results in the disruption or degradation of any of our critical business functions or information technology systems and harms our ability to conduct normal business operations or causes a decrease in consumer demand for our products and services could materially impact our reputation and brand, financial condition and operating results.

 

Risks Related to Our Relationship with Motorsport Network

 

Motorsport Network controls the direction of our business and its ownership of our Class A common stock and Class B common stock will prevent you and other stockholders from influencing significant decisions.

 

Upon the closing of this offering, Motorsport Network will own all of the shares of our Class B common stock and 7,000,000 shares of our Class A common stock, which together will represent approximately 97.0% of the combined voting power of both classes of our common stock outstanding immediately after this offering (or approximately 96.6% if the underwriters exercise in full their option to purchase additional shares of our Class A common stock). Our Class B common stock has ten times the voting power of our Class A common stock. As long as Motorsport Network continues to control a majority of the voting power of our outstanding common stock, it will generally be able to determine the outcome of all corporate actions requiring stockholder approval, including the election and removal of directors. Even if Motorsport Network were to control less than a majority of the voting power of our outstanding common stock, it may be able to influence the outcome of such corporate actions so long as it owns a significant portion of our common stock. In the event Motorsport Network or its affiliates relinquish beneficial ownership of any of the MSN Initial Class A Shares at any time, one share of Class B common stock held by Motorsport Network will be cancelled for each such MSN Initial Class A Share no longer beneficially owned by Motorsport Network or its affiliates. If, however, Motorsport Network does not dispose of its MSN Initial Class A Shares, it could remain our controlling stockholder for an extended period of time or indefinitely.

 

 

Motorsport Network’s interests may not be the same as, or may conflict with, the interests of our other stockholders. Moreover, Mike Zoi, who is the manager of Motorsport Network and has sole voting and dispositive power with respect to the shares of our common stock held by Motorsport Network, may also have interests that are not the same as, or may conflict with, the interests of our other stockholders. Investors in this offering will not be able to affect the outcome of any stockholder vote while Motorsport Network controls the majority of the voting power of our outstanding common stock. As a result, Motorsport Network will be able to control, directly or indirectly and subject to applicable law, all matters affecting us, including:

 

	●	any determination with respect to our business direction and policies, including the appointment and removal of officers and directors;
	●	any determinations with respect to mergers, business combinations or the disposition of assets;
	●	compensation and benefit programs and other human resources policy decisions;
	●	the payment of dividends on our common stock; and
	●	determinations with respect to tax matters.

 

Because Motorsport Network’s interests may differ from ours or from those of our other stockholders, actions that Motorsport Network takes with respect to us, as our controlling stockholder, may not be favorable to us or our other stockholders, including holders of our Class A common stock.

 

If we are no longer controlled by or affiliated with Motorsport Network, we may be unable to continue to benefit from that relationship, which may adversely affect our operations and have a material adverse effect on us.

 

Motorsport Network is a leading global motorsport and automotive data-driven digital platform that owns and operates a unique collection of digital media motorsport and automotive brands. As of September 2020, Motorsport Network had approximately 10.5 million social media followers and over 50 million unique visitors generating nearly 300 million monthly page views on its flagship platforms, including motorsport.com, autosport.com and motor1.com. We rely, in part, on Motorsport Network to provide digital access to this audience to market, communicate and engage with users regarding our product offerings and services. Pursuant to a promotion agreement we entered into with Motorsport Network in August 2018, Motorsport Network will provide us with exclusive promotion services consisting of the use of its and its affiliates’ various media platforms to promote our business, organizations, products and services in the racing video game market and related esports activities. The promotion agreement will remain in effect until such date that Motorsport Network no longer holds at least 20% of the voting interest in Motorsport Games. If this occurs, we cannot assure you that we will continue to have access to Motorsport Network’s digital audience in the future. In the event that we no longer have access to Motorsport Network’s digital audience, our business, results of operations and financial conditions could be adversely affected.

 

 

If Motorsport Network sells a controlling interest in our Company to a third party in a private transaction, you may not realize any change-of-control premium on shares of our Class A common stock and we may become subject to the control of a presently unknown third party.

 

Motorsport Network will have the ability, should it choose to do so, to sell some or all of its shares of our Class A common stock in a privately negotiated transaction, which, if sufficient in size, could result in a change of control of our Company. The ability of Motorsport Network to privately sell its shares of our Class A common stock, with no requirement for a concurrent offer to be made to acquire all of the shares of our Class A common stock that will be publicly traded hereafter, could prevent you from realizing any change-of-control premium on your shares of our Class A common stock that may otherwise accrue to Motorsport Network on its private sale of our Class A common stock. Additionally, if Motorsport Network either privately sells its significant equity interest in our Company or pledges such shares in the future and secured parties foreclose on any or all of the shares of our common stock beneficially owned by Motorsport Network, then we may become subject to the control of a presently unknown third party. Such third party may have conflicts of interest with those of other stockholders. In addition, if Motorsport Network sells a controlling interest in our Company to a third party, any outstanding indebtedness may be subject to acceleration and our commercial agreements and relationships could be impacted, all of which may adversely affect our ability to run our business as described herein and may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

 

Substantial future sales of our common stock, or the perception that such sales may occur, could depress the price of our Class A common stock.

 

Sales of substantial amounts of our Class A common stock in the public market after this offering, or the perception that these sales could occur, could adversely affect the price of our Class A common stock and could impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional shares. The shares of our Class A common stock offered in this offering will be freely tradable without restriction under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), except for any shares of our Class A common stock that may be held or acquired by our directors, executive officers and other affiliates (as that term is defined in the Securities Act), including Motorsport Network, which may not be sold in the public market unless the sale is registered under the Securities Act or an exemption from registration is available.

 

We, our officers and directors and Motorsport Network expect to enter into separate agreements whereby, without the prior written consent of the underwriter, we and they will not, subject to limited exceptions, directly or indirectly sell or dispose of any shares of our common stock or any securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for shares of our common stock for a period of 180 days after the date of this prospectus. See “Underwriting—No Sales of Common Stock” for additional information. After these lock-up agreements expire, additional shares of our Class A common stock may become eligible for sale in the public market upon the satisfaction of certain conditions as set forth therein, of which 7,000,000 shares (not including certain restricted shares to be issued in connection with this offering as described elsewhere in this prospectus) would be held by affiliates and subject to the volume and other restrictions of Rule 144 under the Securities Act.

 

We will be a “controlled company” within the meaning of the rules of Nasdaq and, as a result, will qualify for exemptions from certain corporate governance requirements. We do not currently expect or intend to rely of any of these exemptions, but there can be no assurance that we will not rely on these exemptions in the future.

 

Upon completion of this offering, Motorsport Network will continue to control a majority of the voting power of our outstanding common stock. As a result, we will be a “controlled company” within the meaning of the Nasdaq Listing Rules. Under these rules, a listed company of which more than 50% of the voting power is held by an individual, group or another company is a “controlled company” and may elect not to comply with certain corporate governance requirements, including:

 

	●	the requirement that a majority of the board of directors consist of independent directors;
	●	the requirement that our nominating and corporate governance committee be composed entirely of independent directors with a written charter addressing the committee’s purpose and responsibilities;
	●	the requirement that our compensation committee be composed entirely of independent directors with a written charter addressing the committee’s purpose and responsibilities; and
	●	the requirement for an annual performance evaluation of our corporate governance and compensation committees.

 

 

We do not currently expect or intend to rely on any of these exemptions, but there can be no assurance that we will not rely on these exemptions in the future. If we were to utilize some or all of these exemptions, you will not have the same protections afforded to stockholders of companies that are subject to all of the Nasdaq rules regarding corporate governance.

 

Motorsport Network’s competitive position in certain markets may constrain our ability to build and maintain certain partnerships or relationships in the motorsport industry.

 

We do and may partner in the future with companies that compete with Motorsport Network in certain markets relating to the motorsport industry. Motorsport Network’s control over us may affect our ability to effectively build and maintain our relationships with these companies. For example, these companies may favor our competitors over us due to our relationship with Motorsport Network and to avoid indirectly supporting Motorsport Network.

 

Our inability to resolve in a manner favorable to us any potential conflicts or disputes that arise between us and Motorsport Network or its subsidiaries with respect to our past and ongoing relationships may adversely affect our business and prospects.

 

Potential conflicts or disputes may arise between Motorsport Network or its subsidiaries and us in a number of areas relating to our past or ongoing relationships, including:

 

	●	tax, employee benefit, indemnification and other matters arising from our relationship with Motorsport Network or its subsidiaries;
	●	business combinations involving us;

 

 

	●	business opportunities that may be attractive to us and Motorsport Network or its subsidiaries;
	●	intellectual property or other proprietary rights; and
	●	joint sales and marketing activities with Motorsport Network or its subsidiaries.

 

The resolution of any potential conflicts or disputes between us and Motorsport Network or its subsidiaries over these or other matters may be less favorable to us than the resolution we might achieve if we were dealing with an unaffiliated party.

 

Risks Related to Our Company

 

We have incurred significant losses since our inception, and while we reported net income for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we may experience losses in the future.

 

Although we reported positive net income of approximately $2.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we previously had not been profitable since our inception and had an accumulated loss of approximately $3.1 million as of December 31, 2019. We incurred a net loss of $5.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2019. We may incur losses in the near term as we invest in and strive to grow our business. For example, we expect to make significant investments to further develop and expand our business, and these investments may not result in increased revenue or growth on a timely basis or at all. Additionally, we expect our expenses to increase due to the additional operational and reporting costs associated with being a public company. If we are unable to generate adequate revenue growth and manage our expenses, we may not be able to maintain profitability and the share price of our Class A common stock may decline as a result.

 

Our limited operating history makes it difficult to evaluate our current business and future prospects, and we may not be able to effectively grow our business or implement our business strategies.

 

Motorsports Games was formed and started operating in August 2018 in connection with the acquisition by Motorsport Games of a controlling interest in 704Games. As such, Motorsports Games does not have a long history operating as a commercial company. Due to this and other factors, our operating results are not predictable, and our historical results may not be indicative of our future results. We believe that our ability to grow our business will depend on many risks and uncertainties, including our ability to:

 

	●	increase the number of players of our games or unique visitors to our digital platform www.motorsportgames.gg;
	●	continue developing innovative technologies, tournaments and competitions in response to shifting demand in esports and online gaming;
	●	develop new sources of revenues;
	●	expand our brand awareness;
	●	further improve the quality of our product offerings, features and complementary products and services, and introduce high-quality new products, services and features;
	●	introduce additional third-party products and services; or
	●	create popular OTT content at an attractive cost and high quality to meet the increasing demand of viewers.

 

There can be no assurance that we will meet these objectives. Addressing these risks and uncertainties will require significant capital expenditures and allocation of valuable management and employee resources. We have hired and expect to continue hiring additional personnel to support our business growth. Our organizational structure is becoming more complex as we add staff, and as a result, we will need to improve our operational, financial and management controls as well as our reporting systems and procedures. We will require significant capital expenditures and the allocation of valuable management resources to grow and change in these areas without undermining our corporate culture. If we cannot manage our growth effectively, our business could be harmed, and our results of operations and financial condition could be materially and adversely affected.

 

 

We have identified material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting. If we are unable to remediate these material weaknesses, or if we identify additional material weaknesses in the future, we may not be able to accurately or timely report our financial condition or results of operations, which may adversely affect our business and the trading price of our Class A common stock.

 

Prior to this offering, we were a private company and had limited accounting and financial reporting personnel and other resources with which to address our internal controls and procedures. In connection with the audit of our consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2019, we and our independent registered public accounting firm identified certain material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected and corrected on a timely basis.

 

The material weaknesses we identified relate to (i) the documentation of significant accounting positions, estimates and conclusions that were not contemporaneously formalized and reviewed independently of the preparer and (ii) the segregation of duties. We have taken steps toward remediating these material weaknesses, which to date have included: (1) the hiring of additional qualified finance and accounting personnel, including the hiring of a new Chief Financial Officer with SEC reporting experience; and (2) the implementation of formal policies, procedures and controls, training on standards of documentary evidence, as well as implementation of controls designed to ensure the reliability of critical spreadsheets and system generated reports.

 

We believe these actions will allow management to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. GAAP and includes those policies and procedures that: (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of the Company’s management and directors; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. Although, we’ve taken these actions, our internal control over financial reporting has not been subjected to audit. See “—Risks Related to Our Company—If we fail to maintain proper and effective internal control over financial reporting, our ability to produce accurate and timely financial statements could be impaired.”

 

If we are unable to successfully remediate our existing or any future material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting, or identify any additional material weaknesses, the accuracy and timing of our financial reporting may be adversely affected, we may be unable to maintain compliance with securities law requirements regarding timely filing of periodic reports and applicable listing requirements, investors may lose confidence in our financial reporting, and the share price of our Class A common stock may decline as a result. In addition, we could become subject to investigations by Nasdaq, the SEC or other regulatory authorities, which could require additional financial and management resources.

 

Our efforts to expand into new products and services may subject us to additional risks.

 

We are actively investing to capitalize on new trends (e.g., tracking and experimenting with other casual gaming formats, such as a “match three” game, adopted for our audience) to diversify our product mix, reduce our operating risks, and increase our revenue. There are risks and uncertainties associated with these efforts, particularly in instances where the markets are not fully developed. There is no assurance that we will be able to attract a sufficiently large number of customers or recover costs incurred in developing and marketing any of these new products or services. For example, we may offer games that do not attract sufficient purchases of virtual currency, which may cause our investments to fail to realize the expected benefits. External factors, such as competitive alternatives and shifting market preferences, may also have an impact on the successful implementation of any new products or services. Failure to successfully manage these risks in the development and implementation of new products or services could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results.

 

Our results of operations and financial condition are subject to management’s accounting judgments and estimates, as well as changes in accounting policies.

 

Financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP typically require the use of good faith estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts. The preparation of our financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions affecting the reported amounts of our assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses. If these estimates or assumptions are incorrect, it could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations or financial condition. We have identified several accounting policies as being “critical” to the fair presentation of our financial condition and results of operations because they involve major aspects of our business and require us to make judgments about matters that are inherently uncertain. These policies are described in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and the notes to consolidated financial statements included in this prospectus. The implementation of new accounting requirements or other changes to U.S. GAAP could have a material adverse effect on our reported results of operations and financial condition.

 

 

We are an emerging growth company and a smaller reporting company, and we cannot be certain if the reduced disclosure requirements applicable to us will make our Class A common stock less attractive to investors.

 

We are an “emerging growth company,” as defined in the JOBS Act, and we expect to take advantage of certain exemptions and relief from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies. In particular, while we are an emerging growth company, we will not be required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (the “Sarbanes-Oxley Act”); we will be exempt from any rules that could be adopted by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board requiring mandatory audit firm rotations or a supplement to the auditor’s report on financial statements; we will be subject to reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements; and we will not be required to hold nonbinding advisory votes on executive compensation or stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved.

 

In addition, while we are an emerging growth company, we can take advantage of an extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards. This allows an emerging growth company to delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. We have elected to take advantage of this extended transition period and, as a result, our operating results and financial statements may not be comparable to the operating results and financial statements of companies that have adopted the new or revised accounting standards.

 

We may remain an emerging growth company until the last day of the fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the completion of this offering, though we may cease to be an emerging growth company earlier under certain circumstances, including if (i) we have $1.07 billion or more in annual revenue in any fiscal year, (ii) we become a “large accelerated filer,” as defined in Rule 12b-2 under the Exchange Act; or (iii) we issue more than $1.0 billion of non-convertible debt over a three-year period.

 

We are also a “smaller reporting company” as defined in the Exchange Act. We may continue to be a smaller reporting company even after we are no longer an emerging growth company. We may take advantage of certain of the scaled disclosures available to smaller reporting companies and will be able to take advantage of these scaled disclosures for so long as our voting and non-voting common stock held by non-affiliates is less than $250 million measured on the last business day of our second fiscal quarter, or our annual revenue is less than $100 million during the most recently completed fiscal year and our voting and non-voting common stock held by non-affiliates is less than $700 million measured on the last business day of our second fiscal quarter. Similar to emerging growth companies, smaller reporting companies that are non-accelerated filers are exempt from the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.

 

We cannot predict if investors will find our Class A common stock less attractive if we choose to rely on these exemptions. If some investors find our Class A common stock less attractive as a result of any choices to reduce future disclosure, there may be a less active trading market for our Class A common stock and our stock price may be more volatile.

 

If we fail to maintain proper and effective internal control over financial reporting, our ability to produce accurate and timely financial statements could be impaired.

 

After the completion of this offering, we will be subject to a requirement, pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, to conduct an annual review and evaluation of our internal control over financial reporting and furnish a report by management on, among other things, our assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting each fiscal year beginning with the year following our first annual report required to be filed with the SEC. However, for as long as we are an emerging growth company or a smaller reporting company that is a non-accelerated filer, our independent registered public accounting firm will not be required to attest to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404. Ensuring that we have adequate internal control over financial reporting in place so that we can produce accurate financial statements on a timely basis is a costly and time-consuming effort that must be evaluated frequently. Establishing and maintaining these internal controls will be costly and may divert management’s attention.

 

In addition to the material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting that we have identified, we may discover additional weaknesses in our disclosure controls and internal control over financial reporting in the future. If we fail to achieve and maintain the adequacy of our internal control over financial reporting, as such standards are modified, supplemented or amended from time to time, we may not be able to ensure that we can conclude, on an ongoing basis, that we have effective internal control over financial reporting in accordance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. We cannot be certain as to the timing of completion of our evaluation, testing and any remediation actions or the impact of the same on our operations. If we do not adequately implement or comply with the requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, we may be subject to sanctions or investigation by regulatory authorities, such as the SEC, or suffer other adverse regulatory consequences, including penalties for violation of Nasdaq rules. As a result, there could be a negative reaction in the financial markets due to a loss of confidence in the reliability of our financial statements. In addition, we may be required to incur costs to improve our internal control system, including the costs of the hiring of additional personnel. Any such action could negatively affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows and could also lead to a decline in the price of our Class A common stock.

 

 

The requirements of being a public company may require significant resources and divert management’s attention.

 

Once we become a public company, we will be subject to certain ongoing reporting requirements. Compliance with these requirements will increase our compliance costs, make some activities more difficult, time-consuming or costly and increase demands on our resources. The requirements may also make it more expensive for us to obtain director and officer liability insurance, and we may be required to accept reduced coverage or incur substantially higher costs to obtain coverage. These factors could also make it more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified members of our board of directors and qualified officers. Moreover, as a result of the disclosure of information in this prospectus and in other public filings we make, our business operations, operating results and financial condition will become more visible, including to competitors and other third parties.

 

In addition, changing laws, regulations and standards relating to corporate governance and public disclosure are creating uncertainty for public companies, increasing legal and financial compliance costs and making some activities more time consuming. These laws, regulations and standards are subject to varying interpretations, in many cases due to their lack of specificity, and, as a result, their application in practice may evolve over time as new guidance is provided by regulatory and governing bodies. This could result in continuing uncertainty regarding compliance matters and higher costs necessitated by ongoing revisions to disclosure and governance practices.

 

We may acquire other companies, technologies, or assets, which could divert our management’s attention, result in additional dilution to our stockholders and otherwise disrupt our operations and harm our operating results.

 

Our success will depend, in part, on our ability to grow our business in response to the demands of consumers and other constituents within the gaming industry and competitive pressures. In some circumstances, we may decide to grow through the acquisition of complementary businesses, technologies, and assets rather than through internal development. The identification of suitable acquisition candidates can be difficult, time-consuming, and costly, and we may not be able to successfully complete identified acquisitions. The risks we face in connection with acquisitions include:

 

	●	diversion of management time and focus from operating our business;
	●	coordination of technology, research and development and sales and marketing functions;
	●	transition of the acquired company’s users to our website and mobile applications;
	●	retention of employees from the acquired company;
	●	cultural challenges associated with integrating employees from the acquired company into our organization;
	●	integration of the acquired company’s accounting, management information, human resources and other administrative systems;
	●	the need to implement or improve controls, policies and procedures at a business that prior to the acquisition may have lacked effective controls, policies and procedures;

 

 

	●	potential write-offs of intangibles or other assets acquired in such transactions that may have an adverse effect on our operating results;
	●	known and unknown liability for activities of the acquired company before the acquisition, including patent and trademark infringement claims, violations of laws, commercial disputes, and tax liabilities; and
	●	litigation or other claims resulting from the acquisition of the company, including claims from terminated employees, consumers, former stockholders, or other third parties.

 

Our failure to address these risks or other problems encountered in connection with our past or future acquisitions and investments could cause us to fail to realize the anticipated benefits of these acquisitions or investments and to incur unanticipated liabilities and otherwise harm our business. Future acquisitions could also result in dilutive issuances of our equity securities, the incurrence of debt, contingent liabilities, amortization expenses, or the write-off of goodwill, any of which could harm our financial condition. Also, the anticipated benefits of any acquisitions may not materialize. Any of these risks, if realized, could materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.

 

We may require additional capital to meet our financial obligations and support business growth, and this capital might not be available on acceptable terms or at all.

 

We intend to continue to make significant investments to support our business growth and may require additional funds to respond to business challenges, including the need to develop new games and features or enhance our existing games, improve our operating infrastructure or acquire complementary businesses, personnel and technologies. Accordingly, we may need to engage in equity or debt financings to secure additional funds. If we raise additional funds through future issuances of equity (including preferred stock) or convertible debt securities, our existing stockholders could suffer significant dilution, and any new equity securities we issue could have rights, preferences and privileges superior to those of holders of our Class A common stock, including, without limitation, in respect of the payment of dividends and the payment of liquidating distributions. Because our decision to issue debt or preferred securities in any future offering, or to borrow money from lenders, will depend in part on market conditions and other factors beyond our control, we cannot predict or estimate the amount, timing, or nature of any such future offerings or borrowings. Holders of our Class A common stock will bear the risk of any such future offerings or borrowings.

 

Any future debt financing could require compliance with restrictive covenants relating to our capital raising activities and other financial and operational matters, which may make it more difficult for us to obtain additional capital and to pursue business opportunities, including potential acquisitions. We may not be able to obtain additional financing on terms favorable to us, or at all. If we are unable to obtain adequate financing or financing on terms satisfactory to us when we require it, our ability to continue to support our business growth and to respond to business challenges could be significantly impaired, and our business may be harmed.

 

We intend to grant equity incentive awards, which may result in increased share-based compensation expenses.

 

We plan to adopt the Motorsport Games Inc. 2021 Equity Incentive Plan, which we refer to as the 2021 Plan, concurrently with the closing of this offering for purposes of granting equity compensation awards to employees, directors and consultants to incentivize their performance and better align their interests with ours. Under the 2021 Plan, we will be authorized to grant equity-based awards, including options to purchase shares of our Class A common stock, restricted stock units to receive shares of Class A common stock and restricted shares of Class A common stock. The number of shares of Class A common stock available for issuance under the 2021 Plan will be 935,000. In connection with the consummation of this offering, we intend to grant equity awards under the 2021 Plan to certain of our employees and our non-employee directors, as described further under “Executive Compensation—Actions Taken in Connection with This Offering.” We believe the granting of equity incentive awards is important to our ability to attract and retain employees, and we expect to continue to grant equity incentive awards to employees in the future. As a result, our expenses associated with share-based compensation may increase, which may have an adverse effect on our results of operations.

 

 

We may be subject to various legal proceedings, claims, litigation, governmental investigations or inquiries and other disputes from time to time. If the outcomes of any of these actions are adverse to us, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

 

We may be subject to various legal proceedings, claims, litigation, governmental investigations or inquiries and other disputes from time to time, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. Claims or disputes arising out of actual or alleged violations of law could be asserted against us by individuals, either individually or through class actions, by governmental entities in civil or criminal investigations and proceedings or by other parties, including holders of non-controlling interests in certain of our subsidiaries. Any claims made against us could be asserted under a variety of laws, including but not limited to, contract or corporate law, consumer finance laws, consumer protection laws, intellectual property laws, privacy laws, labor and employment laws, securities laws and employee benefit laws. These actions or disputes, whether meritorious or not, could expose us to adverse publicity through various media channels and to substantial monetary damages or other nonmonetary components and legal defense costs, injunctive relief or other equitable remedies and criminal and civil fines and penalties, including but not limited to suspension or revocation of licenses to conduct business. On December 23, 2020, we received a letter from a minority stockholder of 704Games that alleges in connection with our 2020 purchases of an aggregate of 116,608 shares of common stock of 704Games (representing approximately 28.7% of the outstanding shares of 704Games) from certain selling stockholders we did not follow the right of first refusal provisions included in the Stockholders’ Agreement, dated August 14, 2018, by and among ourselves and the other stockholders of 704Games (the “Stockholders’ Agreement”). The Stockholders’ Agreement has been filed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. After carefully reviewing this matter with legal counsel, on December 29, 2020 our legal counsel delivered a response to the December 23^rd letter stating that the 2020 common stock purchases were exempt from the right of first refusal requirements in the Stockholders’ Agreement because each was the result of an arms’ length transaction between existing stockholders of 704Games for mutually-agreed fair market value. Further, it was made clear in the December 29^th letter that because we believe that such allegations are completely without merit we intend to vigorously defend our position to the full extent permitted by law if any additional actions are taken regarding this allegation. We do not believe this allegation presents a material risk to us overall. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Recent Developments—Stock Purchase Agreements – 704 Games” for additional information on our 2020 purchases of common stock of 704 Games and ownership percentage of 704 Games.

 

We are subject to risks related to corporate and social responsibility and reputation.

 

Many factors influence our reputation, including the perception held by our customers, business partners and other key stakeholders. Our business faces increasing scrutiny related to environmental, social and governance activities. We risk damage to our reputation if we fail to act responsibly in a number of areas, such as diversity and inclusion, environmental stewardship, supply chain management, climate change, workplace conduct, human rights and philanthropy. Any harm to our reputation could impact employee engagement and retention and the willingness of customers and our partners to do business with us, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and cash flows.

 

Risks Related to This Offering and Ownership of Our Class A Common Stock

 

We have broad discretion in how we use the proceeds of this offering and may not use them effectively.

 

We will have considerable discretion in the application of the net proceeds of this offering. We intend to use the net proceeds from this offering for working capital and general corporate purposes, including product development, such as for mobile products and additional racing series, the buildout of APEX, the development of our proprietary racing-focused MSG Engine, sales and marketing activities, capital expenditures, the possible repayment of certain outstanding debt and strategic acquisitions and investments. See “Use of Proceeds” for additional information. Our management will have considerable discretion in the application of the net proceeds, and you will not have the opportunity, as part of your investment decision, to assess whether the proceeds are being used appropriately. We may use the net proceeds for purposes that do not yield a significant return or any return at all for our stockholders. In addition, pending their use, we may invest the net proceeds from this offering in a manner that does not produce income or that loses value.

 

There is no existing market for our Class A common stock, and we cannot ensure that one will ever develop or be sustained.

 

Prior to this offering there has been no trading market for our Class A common stock. We cannot predict the extent to which investor interest in our Company will lead to the development of a trading market for our Class A common stock or how liquid that market might become. The offering price for the shares of our Class A common stock has been determined by the Company in connection with this offering and may not be indicative of the price that will prevail in any trading market following this offering, if any. If an active trading market does not develop or is not maintained, the market price and liquidity of our Class A common stock may be adversely affected. In that case, you may not be able to sell your Class A common stock shares at a particular time, at a favorable price or at all.

 

 

Our certificate of incorporation will have limitations on the liability of our directors, and we may have to indemnify our officers and directors in certain instances.

 

Our certificate of incorporation will limit the liability of directors to the maximum extent permitted by Delaware law. Delaware law provides that directors of a corporation will not be personally liable for monetary damages for breach of their fiduciary duties as directors, except for liability for any:

 

	●	breach of their duty of loyalty to us or our stockholders;
	●	act or omission not in good faith or that involves intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law;
	●	unlawful payments of dividends or unlawful stock repurchases or redemptions as provided in Section 174 of the Delaware General Corporation Law; or
	●	transactions for which the directors derived an improper personal benefit.

 

These limitations of liability will not apply to liabilities arising under the federal or state securities laws and will not affect the availability of equitable remedies such as injunctive relief or rescission. Our corporate bylaws will provide that we will indemnify our directors, officers and employees to the fullest extent permitted by law. Our bylaws will also provide that we are obligated to advance expenses incurred by a director or officer in advance of the final disposition of any action or proceeding. We believe that these bylaw provisions are necessary to attract and retain qualified persons as directors and officers. The limitation of liability in our certificate of incorporation and bylaws may discourage stockholders from bringing a lawsuit against directors for a breach of their fiduciary duties. They may also reduce the likelihood of derivative litigation against directors and officers, even though an action, if successful, might provide a benefit to us and our stockholders. Our results of operations and financial condition may be harmed to the extent we pay the costs of settlement and damage awards against directors and officers pursuant to these indemnification provisions.

 

Certain provisions in our charter documents, which are to be adopted prior to the effective time of this offering, and under Delaware law could limit attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our board of directors or current management and limit the market price of our Class A common stock.

 

Provisions in our certificate of incorporation and bylaws, which are to be adopted prior to the effective time of this offering, may have the effect of delaying or preventing changes in our board of directors or management. Our certificate of incorporation and bylaws will include provisions that:

 

	●	establish an advance notice procedure for stockholder proposals to be brought before an annual meeting, including proposed nominations of persons for election to our board of directors;
	●	create a classified board of directors;
	●	prohibit cumulative voting in the election of directors; and
	●	reflect two classes of common stock, as discussed above.

 

These provisions may frustrate or prevent any attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our current management by making it more difficult for stockholders to replace members of our board of directors, which is responsible for appointing the members of our management. In addition, because we will be incorporated in Delaware, we will be governed by the provisions of Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, which generally prohibits a Delaware corporation from engaging in any of a broad range of business combinations with any “interested” stockholder for a period of three years following the date on which the stockholder became an “interested” stockholder.

 

 

Our certificate of incorporation and bylaws will provide that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware will be the exclusive forum for substantially all disputes between us and our stockholders, which could limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers or employees.

 

Our certificate of incorporation and bylaws will provide that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware is the exclusive forum for any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf; any action asserting a breach of fiduciary duty; any action asserting a claim against us arising pursuant to the Delaware General Corporation Law, our certificate of incorporation or our bylaws; or any action asserting a claim against us that is governed by the internal affairs doctrine; provided that, if and only if the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware dismisses any such action for lack of subject matter jurisdiction, such action may be brought in another state or federal court sitting in the State of Delaware. Our certificate of incorporation and bylaws will also provide that the federal district courts of the United States of America will be the exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause of action against us or any of our directors, officers, employees or agents arising under the Securities Act. We believe these provisions may benefit us by providing increased consistency in the application of Delaware law and federal securities laws by chancellors and judges, as applicable, particularly experienced in resolving corporate disputes, efficient administration of cases on a more expedited schedule relative to other forums and protection against the burdens of multi-forum litigation. The choice of forum provision requiring that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware be the exclusive forum for certain actions would not apply to suits brought to enforce any liability or duty created by the Exchange Act. The choice of forum provision may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with us or our directors, officers or other employees, which may discourage such lawsuits against us and our directors, officers and other employees.

 

There is uncertainty as to whether a court would enforce such provisions, and the enforceability of similar choice of forum provisions in other companies’ charter documents has been challenged in legal proceedings. While the Delaware courts have determined that such choice of forum provisions are facially valid, a stockholder may nevertheless seek to bring a claim in a venue other than those designated in the exclusive forum provisions, and there can be no assurance that such provisions will be enforced by a court in those other jurisdictions. If a court were to find these types of provisions to be inapplicable or unenforceable, and if a court were to find the exclusive forum provision in our certificate of incorporation and bylaws to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving the dispute in other jurisdictions, which could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

 

Our stock price may be volatile, and you could lose all or part of your investment.

 

The trading price of our Class A common stock following our offering may fluctuate substantially and may be higher or lower than the initial public offering price. The trading price of our Class A common stock following our offering will depend on several factors, including those described in this “Risk Factors” section, many of which are beyond our control and may not be related to our operating performance. These fluctuations could cause you to lose all or part of your investment in our Class A common stock because you might be unable to sell your shares at or above the price you paid in the offering. Factors that could cause fluctuations in the trading price of our Class A common stock include:

 

	●	changes to our industry, including demand and regulations;
	●	our ability to compete successfully against current and future competitors;
	●	competitive pricing pressures;
	●	our ability to obtain working capital financing as required;
	●	additions or departures of key personnel;
	●	sales of our Class A common stock;
	●	our ability to execute our business plan;
	●	operating results that fall below expectations;
	●	our loss of any strategic relationship, sponsor or licensor;
	●	any major change in our management;
	●	changes in accounting standards, procedures, guidelines, interpretations or principles; and
	●	economic, geo-political and other external factors.

 

In addition, the stock market in general, and the market for technology companies in particular, have experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of those companies. Broad market and industry factors, as well as general economic, political and market conditions such as recessions or interest rate changes, may seriously affect the market price of our Class A common stock, regardless of our actual operating performance. These fluctuations may be even more pronounced in the trading market for our stock shortly following our offering. If the market price of our Class A common stock after our offering does not exceed the initial public offering price, you may not realize any return on your investment in us and may lose some or all of your investment.

 

 

If you purchase shares of our Class A common stock in our initial public offering, you will experience substantial and immediate dilution.

 

The initial public offering price is substantially higher than the net tangible book value per share of our outstanding common stock immediately following the completion of this offering. Based on the assumed initial public offering price of $17.00 per share, which is the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, if you purchase shares of common stock in this offering, you will experience substantial and immediate dilution in the pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value per share of $14.87 per share as of September 30, 2020. That is because the price that you pay will be substantially greater than the pro forma net tangible book value per share of the Class A common stock that you acquire. This dilution is due in large part to the fact that our earlier investor, Motorsport Network, paid substantially less than the initial public offering price when it purchased its shares of our capital stock. You will experience additional dilution when those holding options exercise their right to purchase Class A common stock under our equity incentive plans, when options vest and settle, when we issue equity awards to our employees under our equity incentive plans, or when we otherwise issue additional shares of our Class A common stock. For more information, see “Dilution.”

 

After the completion of this offering, we may be at an increased risk of securities class action litigation.

 

Historically, securities class action litigation has often been brought against a company following a decline in the market price of its securities. If we were to be sued, it could result in substantial costs and a diversion of management’s attention and resources, which could harm our business.

 

If securities industry analysts do not publish research reports on us, or publish unfavorable reports on us, then the market price and market trading volume of our Class A common stock could be negatively affected.

 

Any trading market for our Class A common stock will be influenced in part by any research reports that securities industry analysts publish about us. We do not currently have and may never obtain research coverage by securities industry analysts. If no securities industry analysts commence coverage of us, the market price and market trading volume of our Class A common stock could be negatively affected. In the event we are covered by analysts, and one or more of such analysts downgrade our securities, or otherwise report on us unfavorably, or discontinue coverage of us, the market price and market trading volume of our Class A common stock could be negatively affected.

 

Unanticipated changes in effective tax rates or adverse outcomes resulting from examination of our income or other tax returns could adversely affect our operating results and financial condition.

 

We are currently subject to taxes in the United States and the United Kingdom. Our future effective tax rates could be subject to volatility or adversely affected by a number of factors, including:

 

	●	changes in the valuation of our deferred tax assets and liabilities;
	●	expected timing and amount of the release of any tax valuation allowances;
	●	expiration of, or detrimental changes in, research and development tax credit laws;
	●	changes in tax laws, regulations or interpretations thereof; or
	●	expansion into or future activities in additional jurisdictions.

 

In addition, we may be subject to audits of our income, sales and other transaction taxes in various jurisdictions. Outcomes from these audits could have an adverse effect on our operating results and financial condition.

 

The dual class structure of our common stock may adversely affect the trading market for our Class A common stock.

 

In July 2017, S&P Dow Jones and FTSE Russell announced changes to their eligibility criteria for the inclusion of shares of public companies on certain indices, including the Russell 2000, the S&P 500, the S&P MidCap 400 and the S&P SmallCap 600, to exclude companies with multiple classes of shares of common stock from being added to these indices. As a result, our dual class capital structure would make us ineligible for inclusion in any of these indices, and mutual funds, exchange-traded funds and other investment vehicles that attempt to passively track these indices will not be investing in our common stock. Furthermore, we cannot assure you that other stock indices will not take a similar approach to S&P Dow Jones or FTSE Russell in the future. Exclusion from indices could make our Class A common stock less attractive to investors and, as a result, the market price of our Class A common stock could be adversely affected.

 

We do not intend to pay dividends for the foreseeable future.

 

We have never declared nor paid cash dividends on our capital stock. We currently intend to retain any future earnings to finance the operation and expansion of our business, and we do not expect to declare or pay any dividends in the foreseeable future. Accordingly, investors must rely on sales of their Class A common stock after price appreciation, which may never occur, as the only way to realize any future gains on their investments.

 

 

Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

 

This prospectus contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of federal securities laws and which are subject to certain risks, trends and uncertainties. We use words such as “could,” “would,” “may,” “might,” “will,” “expect,” “likely,” “believe,” “continue,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan,” “project” and other similar expressions to identify some forward-looking statements, but not all forward-looking statements include these words. All of our forward-looking statements involve estimates and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in the forward-looking statements. Accordingly, any such statements are qualified in their entirety by reference to the information described under the caption “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this prospectus.

 

The forward-looking statements contained in this prospectus are based on assumptions that we have made in light of our industry experience and our perceptions of historical trends, current conditions, expected future developments and other factors we believe are appropriate under the circumstances. As you read and consider this prospectus, you should understand that these statements are not guarantees of performance or results. They involve risks, uncertainties (many of which are beyond our control) and assumptions. Although we believe that these forward-looking statements are based on reasonable assumptions, you should be aware that many factors could affect our actual operating and financial performance and cause our performance to differ materially from the performance anticipated in the forward-looking statements. We believe these factors include, but are not limited to, the following:

 

	●	our ability to consistently deliver popular products or whether consumers prefer competing products;
	●	the concentration of our products in the racing game genre;
	●	our ability to provide high-quality products in a timely manner;
	●	the duration and severity of the COVID-19 pandemic and its effects on our business operations, financial performance and results of operations;
	●	declines in consumer spending and other adverse changes in the economy;
	●	our dependence on a relatively small number of franchises for a significant portion of our revenues and profits;
	●	our ability to acquire and maintain licenses to intellectual property, especially for sports titles;
	●	risks relating to the retail sales business model;
	●	our dependence on a single third-party distribution partner to distribute our games, and our ability to negotiate favorable terms with such partner and its continued willingness to purchase our games;
	●	our ability to attract advertisers and sponsors for our esports events;
	●	our reliance on the retention of certain key personnel and the hiring of strategically valuable personnel;
	●	our ability to market and brand our products and services;
	●	our ability to adequately address the shift to mobile device technology by our customers; and
	●	other factors and assumptions discussed in this prospectus under “Risk Factors,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Business.”

 

Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should any of these assumptions prove to be incorrect, our actual operating and financial performance may vary in material respects from the performance projected in these forward-looking statements. Further, any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which it is made, and except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement contained in this prospectus to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which it is made or to reflect the occurrence of anticipated or unanticipated events or circumstances, except as otherwise required by law. New factors that could cause our business not to develop as we expect emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict all of them. Further, we cannot assess the impact of each currently known or new factor on our results of operations or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements.

 

 

Use of Proceeds

 

We estimate that our net proceeds from the sale of our Class A common stock that we are offering will be approximately $36.1 million (or approximately $41.6 million if the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares of our Class A common stock from us is exercised in full), assuming an initial public offering price of $17.00 per share, which is the midpoint of the price range on the cover page of this prospectus, and after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us.

 

A $1.00 increase (decrease) in the assumed initial public offering price of $17.00 per share of our Class A common stock, the midpoint of the estimated price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, would increase (decrease) the net proceeds to us from our initial public offering by $2.2 million, assuming the number of shares offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same, after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us.

 

We intend to use the net proceeds from this offering for working capital and general corporate purposes, including product development, such as for mobile products and additional racing series, the buildout of APEX, the development of our proprietary racing-focused MSG Engine, sales and marketing activities, capital expenditures, the possible repayment of up to $10.4 million of our outstanding debt as of September 30, 2020 and strategic acquisitions and investments. Pending these uses, we may invest the net proceeds from this offering in short-term, investment-grade, interest-bearing securities such as money market accounts, certificates of deposit, commercial paper and guaranteed obligations of the U.S. government. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Promissory Note Line of Credit” for additional information regarding our outstanding debt.

 

This expected use of the net proceeds from this offering represents our intentions based upon our current financial condition, results of operations, business plans and conditions. As of the date of this prospectus, we cannot predict with certainty all of the particular uses for the net proceeds to be received upon the closing of this offering or the amounts that we will actually spend on the uses set forth above. The amounts and timing of our actual expenditures may vary significantly depending on numerous factors. As a result, our management will retain broad discretion over the allocation of the net proceeds from this offering.

 

 

Dividend Policy

 

We currently intend to retain all available funds and any future earnings to fund the development and growth of our business and, therefore, we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Any future determination to pay dividends will be at the discretion of our board of directors, subject to compliance with covenants in current and future agreements governing our and our subsidiaries’ indebtedness, and will depend on our results of operations, financial condition, capital requirements, contractual arrangements and other factors that our board of directors deems relevant.

 

 

Capitalization

 

The table below shows our cash and cash equivalents and capitalization as of September 30, 2020:

 

	●	on an actual basis;
	●	on a pro forma basis to give effect to the corporate conversion; and
	●	on a pro forma as adjusted basis to additionally give effect to (1) the pro forma adjustment described above and (2) the sale of 2,350,000 shares of our Class A common stock in this offering with aggregate gross proceeds of approximately $40.0 million, assuming an initial public offering price of $17.00 per share (the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus), after deducting estimated underwritten discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us of approximately $3.9 million.

 

The pro forma and pro forma as adjusted information below is illustrative only, and our capitalization following the corporate conversion and the closing of this offering will depend on the actual initial public offering price and other terms of this offering determined at pricing. You should read the following information together with the information contained under the headings “Selected Historical Consolidated Financial Data” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes appearing elsewhere in this prospectus.

 

September 30, 2020
		Actual				Pro Forma				Pro Forma As Adjusted
		(in thousands except share and per share amounts)
Cash and cash equivalents		$	3,051			$	3,051			$	39,556
Debt:
Promissory Note			10,388				10,388				10,388
Member’s equity:
Member’s (deficiency) equity attributable to Motorsport Gaming US LLC			(1,262	)			-				-
Noncontrolling interest			6,048				-				-
Total Member’s Equity			4,786				-				-
Stockholders’ equity:
Class A common stock, $0.0001 par value; no shares authorized, issued and outstanding, actual; 100,000,000 shares authorized and 7,000,000 shares issued and outstanding, pro forma; and 100,000,000 shares authorized and 9,350,000 shares issued and outstanding, pro forma, as adjusted			-				1				1
Class B common stock, $0.0001 par value; no shares authorized, issued and outstanding, actual; 7,000,000 shares authorized and 7,000,000 shares issued and outstanding, pro forma; and 7,000,000 shares authorized and 7,000,000 shares issued and outstanding, pro forma, as adjusted			-				1				1
Additional paid-in capital			-				(1,263	)			34,797
Noncontrolling interest			-				6,047				6,047
Total stockholders’ equity			-				4,786				40,846
Total capitalization		$	15,174			$	15,174			$	51,234

 

 

The number of shares of our Class A common stock to be outstanding immediately after this offering is based on 7,000,000 shares of our Class A common stock outstanding as of December 31, 2020 after giving effect to the corporate conversion, and excludes the following (all of which are calculated based on an assumed initial public offering price of $17.00 per share, which is the midpoint of the price range on the cover page of this prospectus):

 

	●	182,683 shares of our Class A common stock issuable upon exercise of stock options that will be granted to certain of our employees and our non-employee directors in connection with this offering under the 2021 Plan, which we expect will become effective immediately prior to the consummation of this offering, at an exercise price per share equal to the initial public offering price in this offering (see “Executive Compensation—Actions Taken in Connection with This Offering”);
	●	2,941 shares of our Class A common stock to be issued to each of Neil Anderson and Rob Dyrdek, members of our board of directors, in connection with this offering under the 2021 Plan, which represents a stock award equal to $50,000 to each of Messrs. Anderson and Dyrdek divided by the initial public offering price in this offering (see “Executive Compensation—Actions Taken in Connection with This Offering”);
	●	5,882 shares of our Class A common stock to be issued to Francesco Piovanetti, a member of our board of directors, in connection with this offering under the 2021 Plan and for his continuing service as chair of our audit committee and as an “audit committee financial expert” (subject to his qualification and appointment, as applicable), which represents a stock award equal to $100,000 divided by the initial public offering price in this offering (see “Executive Compensation—Actions Taken in Connection with This Offering”);
	●	740,553 additional shares of our Class A common stock reserved for future issuance under the 2021 Plan;
	●	280,852 shares of our Class A common stock to be issued to Fernando Alonso pursuant to a promotional services agreement entered into with Mr. Alonso, representing 3.0% of the issued and outstanding shares of our Class A common stock as of the closing date of this offering (see “Business—Marketing, Sales, and Distribution—Promotional Services Agreement with Fernando Alonso”); and
	●	shares of our Class A common stock that may be issued outside of the 2021 Plan to Dmitry Kozko, our Chief Executive Officer, subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions as set forth in his employment agreement with us, including (i) up to 95,444 shares  that may be issued in connection with this offering representing 1.0% of the expected issued and outstanding shares of our Class A common stock as of the closing date of this offering and (ii) 190,888 shares  issuable upon exercise of stock options that may be granted in connection with this offering representing 2.0% of the expected issued and outstanding shares of our Class A common stock as of the closing date of this offering (see “Executive Compensation—Executive Employment Arrangements—Employment Agreement with Dmitry Kozko”).

 

 

Dilution

 

If you invest in our Class A common stock in this offering, your interest will be diluted to the extent of the difference between the initial public offering price per share of Class A common stock and the pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value per share immediately after this offering.

 

Our pro forma net tangible book value (deficit) as of September 30, 2020 was $(1.2) million, or $(0.08) per share of common stock. Our pro forma net tangible book value per share represents the amount of our total tangible assets less our total liabilities, divided by the number of our shares of common stock outstanding as of September 30, 2020, after giving effect to the automatic conversion of all the membership interests in Motorsport Gaming US LLC currently held by the Company’s sole member, Motorsport Network, into an aggregate of (i) 7,000,000 shares of Class A common stock and (ii) 7,000,000 shares of Class B common stock, which will occur immediately prior to the completion of this offering.

 

After giving effect to the sale by us of 2,350,000 shares of Class A common stock in this offering at an assumed initial public offering price of $17.00 per share, the midpoint of the estimated price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, and after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us, our pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value as of September 30, 2020 would have been $34.9 million, or $2.13 per share. This amount represents an immediate dilution of $14.87 per share to new investors purchasing Class A common stock in this offering. We determine dilution by subtracting the pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value per share after this offering from the initial public offering price per share paid by investors purchasing Class A common stock in this offering. The following table illustrates this dilution on a per share basis:

 

Assumed initial public offering price per share						$	17.00
Pro forma net tangible book value (deficit) per share as of September 30, 2020		$	(0.08	)
Increase in pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value per share attributable to new investors purchasing shares in this offering		$	2.21
Pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value per share after giving effect to this offering						$	2.13
Dilution per share to new investors in this offering						$	14.87

 

The dilution information discussed above is illustrative only and may change based on the actual initial public offering price and other terms of this offering. A $1.00 increase (decrease) in the assumed initial public offering price of $17.00 per share of Class A common stock, the midpoint of the estimated price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, would increase (decrease) our pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value per share after this offering by $0.14 per share and increase (decrease) the dilution to new investors by $0.86 per share, in each case assuming the number of shares of Class A common stock offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same, and after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions.

 

If the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional shares of our Class A common stock from us in full, our pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value would be $2.42 per share, and the dilution in pro forma net tangible book value per share to new investors in this offering would be $14.58 per share.

 

 

The number of shares of our Class A common stock to be outstanding immediately after this offering is based on 7,000,000 shares of our Class A common stock outstanding as of December 31, 2020 after giving effect to the corporate conversion, and excludes the following (all of which are calculated based on an assumed initial public offering price of $17.00 per share, which is the midpoint of the price range on the cover page of this prospectus):

 

	●	182,683 shares of our Class A common stock issuable upon exercise of stock options that will be granted to certain of our employees and our non-employee directors in connection with this offering under the 2021 Plan, which we expect will become effective immediately prior to the consummation of this offering, at an exercise price per share equal to the initial public offering price in this offering (see “Executive Compensation—Actions Taken in Connection with This Offering”);
	●	2,941 shares of our Class A common stock to be issued to each of Neil Anderson and Rob Dyrdek, members of our board of directors, in connection with this offering under the 2021 Plan, which represents a stock award equal to $50,000 to each of Messrs. Anderson and Dyrdek divided by the initial public offering price in this offering (see “Executive Compensation—Actions Taken in Connection with This Offering”);
	●	5,882 shares of our Class A common stock to be issued to Francesco Piovanetti, a member of our board of directors, in connection with this offering under the 2021 Plan and for his continuing service as chair of our audit committee and as an “audit committee financial expert” (subject to his qualification and appointment, as applicable), which represents a stock award equal to $100,000 divided by the initial public offering price in this offering (see “Executive Compensation—Actions Taken in Connection with This Offering”);
	●	740,553 additional shares of our Class A common stock reserved for future issuance under the 2021 Plan;
	●	280,852 shares of our Class A common stock to be issued to Fernando Alonso pursuant to a promotional services agreement entered into with Mr. Alonso, representing 3.0% of the issued and outstanding shares of our Class A common stock as of the closing date of this offering (see “Business—Marketing, Sales, and Distribution—Promotional Services Agreement with Fernando Alonso”); and
	●	shares of our Class A common stock that may be issued outside of the 2021 Plan to Dmitry Kozko, our Chief Executive Officer, subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions as set forth in his employment agreement with us, including (i) up to 95,444 shares that may be issued in connection with this offering representing 1.0% of the expected issued and outstanding shares of our Class A common stock as of the closing date of this offering and (ii) 190,888 shares issuable upon exercise of stock options that may be granted in connection with this offering representing 2.0% of the expected issued and outstanding shares of our Class A common stock as of the closing date of this offering (see “Executive Compensation—Executive Employment Arrangements—Employment Agreement with Dmitry Kozko”).

 

To the extent that options or other securities are issued under our equity incentive plans, or we issue additional shares of our Class A common stock or securities convertible into Class A common stock in the future, there will be further dilution to investors participating in this offering. In addition, we may choose to raise additional capital because of market conditions or strategic considerations, even if we believe that we have sufficient funds for our current or future operating plans. If we raise additional capital through the sale of equity or convertible securities, the issuance of these securities could result in further dilution to our stockholders.

 

 

Selected Historical Consolidated Financial Data

 

The following selected consolidated financial data should be read in conjunction with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and the consolidated financial statements and related notes included within this prospectus.

 

On August 14, 2018, Motorsport Gaming US LLC acquired a 53.5% equity interest in 704Games. The selected historical financial data below includes (i) the selected historical consolidated financial data of Motorsport Gaming US LLC for the year ended December 31, 2019 and for the period from August 15, 2018 to December 31, 2018 and; (ii) the selected historical financial data of 704Games for the period from January 1, 2018 to August 14, 2018, which are derived from our audited consolidated financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in this prospectus. To assist with the period-to-period comparison, we have combined amounts from the Predecessor Period and the portion of the Successor Period from August 15, 2018 to December 31, 2018 along with a pro forma adjustment to recognize additional amortization expense of $637,658 associated with certain acquired license agreements with NASCAR and software intangible assets. We refer to this combined period as the pro forma combined year ended December 31, 2018. This combination does not comply with U.S. GAAP. The summary historical pro forma combined financial data for the year ended December 31, 2018 has been prepared to give effect to Motorsport Gaming US LLC’s acquisition of a 53.5% equity interest in 704Games as if it had occurred on January 1, 2018. The summary historical pro forma combined financial data does not purport to represent what our results of operations would have been if the acquisition had occurred as of the dates indicated, or what such results will be for any future period.

 

The selected historical consolidated statement of operations data for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 and the selected historical consolidated balance sheet data as of September 30, 2020 are derived from our unaudited interim consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.

 

Our historical results are not necessarily indicative of our future results, and our results for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the full year.

 

		Successor Period				Successor Period				Pro Forma Combined				Successor Period
		For the Year Ended December 31,				For the Period From August 15, 2018 to December 31,				For the Year Ended December 31,				For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
Statement of Operations Data		2019				2018				2018				2020				2019
										(Unaudited)				(Unaudited)				(Unaudited)
Revenues		$	11,850,787			$	10,768,629			$	14,756,777			$	16,111,581			$	9,566,873
Cost of revenues			4,888,877				4,184,569				5,598,395				5,261,483				3,776,696
Gross profit			6,961,910				6,584,060				9,158,382				10,850,098				5,790,177
Operating expenses			12,138,023				5,229,711				10,957,920				8,037,552				9,587,263
(Loss) income from operations			(5,176,113	)			1,354,349				(1,799,538	)			2,812,546				(3,797,086	)
Other (expense) income, net (1)			(579,451	)			4,904				8,381				(438,894	)			(444,017	)
(Loss) income before provision for income taxes			(5,755,564	)			1,359,253				(1,791,157	)			2,373,652				(4,241,103	)
Income tax benefit			-				-				2,323				-				-
Net (loss) income			(5,755,564	)			1,359,253				(1,788,834	)			2,373,652				(4,241,103	)
Less: Net (loss) income attributable to noncontrolling interest			(2,191,418	)			859,461				859,461				1,498,233				(1,294,908	)
Net (loss) income attributable to Motorsport Gaming US LLC		$	(3,564,146	)		$	499,792			$	(2,648,295	)		$	875,419			$	(2,946,195	)
Pro forma net (loss) income per share - basic and diluted (2)		$	(0.25	)										$	0.06

 

 

(1) For the purpose of presenting selected historical consolidated financial data, we have aggregated interest income (expense), loss attributable to equity method investment, and other (expense) income, net from our consolidated statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 and for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 into a single caption.

 

(2) We have presented pro forma basic and diluted net loss per share for the year ended December 31, 2019 and for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, which consists of our historical net loss attributable to Motorsport Gaming US LLC, divided by the pro forma basic and diluted weighted average number of shares of our common stock outstanding after giving effect to the corporate conversion.

 

		December 31,								September 30,
Balance Sheet Data		2019				2018				2020
										(Unaudited)
Total cash		$	1,960,279			$	3,413,427			$	3,050,693
Total current assets		$	7,129,632			$	8,699,604			$	12,007,652
Total assets		$	12,777,274			$	15,670,258			$	18,590,207
Total liabilities		$	9,165,314			$	6,302,734			$	13,804,595
Total members’ equity		$	3,611,960			$	9,367,524			$	4,785,612
Total liabilities and members’ equity		$	12,777,274			$	15,670,258			$	18,590,207
Working capital (deficiency)		$	(2,035,682	)		$	2,396,870			$	(946,350	)

 

 

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition
and Results of Operations

 

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the information included under “Business,” and our consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes included elsewhere in this prospectus. The discussion and analysis below are based on comparisons between our historical financial data for different periods and include certain forward-looking statements about our business, operations and financial performance. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties, assumptions and other factors described in “Risk Factors.” Our actual results may differ materially from those expressed in, or implied by, those forward-looking statements. See “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”

 

Overview

 

We are a leading racing game developer, publisher and esports ecosystem provider of official motorsport racing series throughout the world, including NASCAR, the iconic 24 Hours of Le Mans endurance race (“Le Mans”) and the associated FIA World Endurance Championship (the “WEC”), the British Touring Car Championship (the “BTCC”) and others. Through the support of our sole member, Motorsport Network, LLC (“Motorsport Network”), the largest global media company in the motorsport industry, our corporate mission is to create the preeminent motorsport gaming and esports entertainment ecosystem by delivering the highest quality, most sophisticated and innovative experiences for racers, gamers and fans of all ages. Our products and services target a large and underserved global motorsport audience. For 2019, Formula 1 estimates that its total global television audience reached 471 million unique viewers. Further, Le Mans estimates its total reach was approximately 100 million homes worldwide in 2019, while NASCAR reached approximately 475 million households in 2019 and the BTCC reached approximately 62 million households in 2019.

 

Started in 2018 as a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Motorsport Network, we are currently the official developer and publisher of the NASCAR video game racing franchise and have obtained the exclusive license to develop multi-platform games for the BTCC. Through a joint venture with Automobile Club de l’Ouest (“ACO”), we are also in the process of obtaining the exclusive license to develop multi-platform games for the Le Mans race and the WEC, which we have entered into a binding letter of intent for and expect to obtain in the first quarter of 2021. We develop and publish multi-platform racing video games including for game consoles, personal computer (PC) and mobile platforms through various retail and digital channels, including full-game and downloadable content (sometimes known as “games-as-a-service”). Since our formation, our NASCAR video games have sold over one million copies for game consoles and PCs. For fiscal year 2019 and the nine months ended September 30, 2020, substantially all of our net revenue was generated from sales of our racing video games.

 

We are striving to become a leader in organizing and facilitating esports tournaments, competitions, and events for our licensed racing games as well as on behalf of third-party racing game developers and publishers. Through the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we have facilitated 53 esports events, up from 22 esports events in all of 2019, which have included official esports events for NASCAR, 24 Hours of Le Mans, the Official World Rallycross Esports Championship, FIA Formula E and other race series. The total number of people that have watched our esports events in the first nine months of 2020 was approximately 51 million, up from a total of approximately 3.8 million viewers throughout 2019. Our net revenue attributable to esports and other services comprised 0.6% and 1.8% of our total net revenue during fiscal year 2019 and the nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively, but we expect that net revenue from this line of business will continue to increase and become material to our business moving forward.

 

Recent Developments

 

COVID-19

 

The global spread of the COVID-19 pandemic has created significant business uncertainty for us and others, resulting in volatility and economic disruption. Additionally, the outbreak has resulted in government authorities around the world implementing numerous measures to try to reduce the spread of COVID-19, such as travel bans and restrictions, quarantines, shelter-in-place, stay-at-home or total lock-down (or similar) orders and business limitations and shutdowns.

 

 

As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, including the related responses from government authorities, our business and operations have been impacted, including the temporary closure of our offices in Orlando, Florida, Silverstone, England, and Moscow, Russia, which has resulted in our employees working remotely. During the COVID-19 outbreak, demand for our games has generally increased, which we believe is primarily attributable to a higher number of consumers staying at home due to COVID-19 related restrictions. Similarly, there has been a significant increase in viewership of our esports events since the initial impact of the virus, as these events began to air on both digital and linear platforms, particularly as we were able to attract many of the top “real world” motorsport stars to compete. However, several retailers have experienced, and continue to experience, closures, reduced operating hours and/or other restrictions as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, which has negatively impacted the sales of our products from such retailers. Additionally, in our esports business, the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in the postponing of certain events to later dates or shifting events from an in-person format to online only.

 

We continue to monitor the evolving situation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, and we may take further actions required by governmental authorities or that we determine are prudent to support the well-being of our employees, suppliers, business partners and others. The degree to which the COVID-19 pandemic impacts our operations, business, financial results, liquidity, and financial condition will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain, continuously evolving and cannot be predicted. This includes, but is not limited to, the duration and spread of the pandemic, its severity, actions to contain the virus or treat its impact, and how quickly and to what extent normal economic and operating conditions can resume. Adverse economic and market conditions as a result of COVID-19 could also adversely affect the demand for our products and may also impact the ability of our customers to satisfy their obligations to us.

 

Refer to the section entitled “Risks Factors” in this prospectus for additional risks we face due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

 

British Touring Car Championship License

 

In May 2020, we secured a multi-year licensing agreement to exclusively develop and publish the video games for the BTCC racing series across console, mobile and casual gaming channels. In addition, through this license, we have the right to create and organize esports leagues and events for the BTCC racing series. Our license with the BTCC expires on December 31, 2026.

 

Stock Purchase Agreements – 704Games

 

On August 18, 2020, we entered into a stock purchase agreement with HC2 Holdings 2, Inc. (“HC2”) and Continental General Insurance Company (“Continental”) in which we agreed to purchase an aggregate of 106,307 shares of common stock of 704Games Company (“704Games”), which is equal to 26.2% of the outstanding equity interests of 704Games, at a price of $11.2881 per share for an aggregate consideration of approximately $1,200,000. If, within and including the date that is six months from the date of the agreement, we complete a purchase of some or all of the (i) 41,204 shares of common stock held by Gaming Nation, Inc. or its affiliates or transferees, (ii) 30,903 shares of common stock held by PlayFast Games, LLC or its affiliates or transferees and (iii) 10,301 shares of common stock held by Leo Capital Holdings, LLC (“Leo Capital”) or its affiliates or transferees (the “Subject Shares”) at a purchase price higher than $11.2881 per share, then, no later than five days following the completion of such purchase, we shall pay each of HC2 and Continental an amount per share equal to the amount by which such purchase price per Subject Share exceeds the greater of (a) $11.2881 or (b) the highest price per share previously paid by the Company for any Subject Shares.

 

On October 6, 2020, we entered into a stock purchase agreement with Leo Capital in which we agreed to purchase an aggregate of 10,301 shares of common stock of 704Games, which is equal to 2.5% of the outstanding equity interests of 704Games, at a price of $11.2881 per share for an aggregate consideration of approximately $116,000.

 

Following our purchases of shares from HC2, Continental and Leo Capital, our ownership interest in 704Games increased to 82.2% from 53.5%. On December 23, 2020, we received a letter from a minority stockholder of 704Games that alleges in connection with these purchases of common stock of 704Games we did not follow the right of first refusal provisions included in the Stockholders’ Agreement. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Company—We may be subject to various legal proceedings, claims, litigation, governmental investigations or inquiries and other disputes from time to time. If the outcomes of any of these actions are adverse to us, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition” for additional information.

 

Letter of Intent with ACO

 

On November 23, 2020, we entered into a binding letter of intent with ACO, which, among other things, sets forth the basic terms and conditions under which we plan to amend the joint venture agreement entered into on March 15, 2019 with respect to the Le Mans Esports Series Limited joint venture. This includes certain terms and conditions of a license agreement under which ACO will grant the joint venture certain exclusive rights for a period of 10 years to develop, promote, advertise, distribute, manufacture and package video gaming products based on the WEC and the 24 Hours of Le Mans endurance race, as well as to use such video gaming products as the platform for conducting and administering esports leagues and events. Additionally, the amendment would require us to make an additional capital contribution to the joint venture, which will increase our ownership percentage in the joint venture from 45% to 51% upon such capital contribution being made. Pursuant to the letter of intent, the parties will use their reasonable efforts to execute the joint venture agreement amendment by January 22, 2021.

  

NASCAR Heat 5 Product Release

 

NASCAR Heat 5 is a racing video game simulating the 2020 NASCAR season. NASCAR Heat 5 was developed by 704Games and published by Motorsport Games on July 10, 2020 for PlayStation 4, Xbox One and Microsoft Windows via Steam. We are also expanding our supported platforms to include the Nintendo Switch and expect to launch NASCAR Heat 5 on the Nintendo Switch platform in time for the 2021 NASCAR race season.

 

 

Trends and Factors Affecting Our Business

 

Product Release Schedule

 

Our financial results are affected by the timing of our product releases and the commercial success of those titles. Our NASCAR Heat products have historically accounted for the majority of our revenue. We have recently obtained the exclusive license to develop multi-platform games for the BTCC, and we are in the process of obtaining the exclusive license to develop multi-platform games for the Le Mans race and the WEC, which we have entered into a binding letter of intent for and expect to obtain in the first quarter of 2021. Multi-platform games for the BTCC and Le Mans are currently under development, and we currently anticipate releasing games for these racing series in 2022. Going forward, we intend to expand our license arrangements to other internationally recognized racing series and the platforms we operate on. We believe that having a broader product portfolio will improve our operating results and provide a revenue stream that is less cyclical based on the release of a single game per year.

 

Economic Environment and Retailer Performance

 

Our physical gaming products are sold primarily through a distribution network with exclusive partners who specialize in the distribution of games, including through mass-market retailers (e.g., Target, Wal-Mart), consumer electronics stores (e.g., Best Buy), discount warehouses, game specialty stores (e.g., GameStop) and other online retail stores (e.g., Amazon). We currently derive, and expect to continue to derive, significant revenues from sales of our products to a very limited number of distribution partners. For the year ended December 31, 2019 and the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we had one distribution partner through which we sold substantially all of our products for the retail market, which represented approximately 40% and 32% of our total net revenue for the year ended December 31, 2019 and the nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business and Industry—The importance of retail sales to our business exposes us to the risks of that business model” and “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business and Industry—We primarily depend on a single third-party distribution partner to distribute our games for the retail channel, and our ability to negotiate favorable terms with such partner and its continued willingness to purchase our games is critical for our business” for additional information regarding the importance of retail sales and our distribution partners to our business.

 

Additionally, we continue to monitor economic conditions, including the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, that may unfavorably affect our businesses, such as deteriorating consumer demand, delays in development, pricing pressure on our products, credit quality of our receivables and foreign currency exchange rates. The COVID-19 pandemic has affected and may continue to affect our business operations, including our employees, customers, partners, and communities, and there is substantial uncertainty in the nature and degree of its continued effects over time. For example, several retailers have experienced, and continue to experience, closures, reduced operating hours and/or other restrictions as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, which has negatively impacted the sales of our products from such retailers. See “—Recent Developments—COVID-19” for additional information regarding the impact of COVID-19 on our business and operations.

 

Hardware Platforms

 

We derive most of our revenue from the sale of products made for video game consoles manufactured by third parties, such as Sony Interactive Entertainment Inc.’s (“Sony”) PS4 and Microsoft Corporation’s (“Microsoft”) Xbox One, which comprised approximately 85% of our total net revenue for each of the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 and the nine months ended September 30, 2020. For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the sale of products for Microsoft Windows via Steam comprised approximately 3% and 2% of our total net revenue, respectively, and the sale of products for mobile platforms comprised approximately 12% and 13% of our total net revenue, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, the sale of products for Microsoft Windows via Steam comprised approximately 4% of our total net revenue, and the sale of products for mobile platforms comprised approximately 9% of our total net revenue. The success of our business is dependent upon consumer acceptance of video game console platforms and continued growth in the installed base of these platforms. When new hardware platforms are introduced, such as those recently released by Sony and Microsoft, demand for interactive entertainment used on older platforms typically declines, which may negatively affect our business during the market transition to the new consoles. The new Sony and Microsoft consoles are expected to provide “backwards compatibility” (i.e., the ability to play games for the previous generation of consoles), which could mitigate the risk of such a decline. However, we cannot be certain how backwards compatibility will affect demand for our products.

 

Digital Business

 

Players increasingly purchase our games as digital downloads, as opposed to purchasing physical discs. All of our titles that are available through retailers as packaged goods products are also available through direct digital download. For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, approximately 51% and 66%, respectively, of our revenue from sales of video games for game consoles was through retail channels and approximately 49% and 34%, respectively, was through direct digital downloads. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, approximately 38% of our revenue from sales of video games for game consoles was through retail channels and approximately 62% was through direct digital downloads. We believe this trend of increasing direct digital downloads is primarily due to benefits relating to convenience and accessibility that digital downloads provide, which has been heightened during the COVID-19 outbreak. In addition, as part of our digital business strategy, we aim to drive ongoing engagement and incremental revenue from recurrent consumer spending on our titles through in-game purchases and extra content.

 

 

Esports

 

We are striving to become a leader in organizing and facilitating esports tournaments, competitions, and events for our licensed racing games as well as on behalf of third-party racing game developers and publishers. Through the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we have facilitated 53 esports events, up from 22 esports events in all of 2019, which have included official esports events for NASCAR, 24 Hours of Le Mans, the Official World Rallycross Esports Championship, FIA Formula E and other race series. The total number of people that have watched our esports events in the first nine months of 2020 was approximately 51 million, up from a total of approximately 3.8 million viewers throughout 2019. As we continue to add to our existing portfolio of games centered around popular licensed racing series, this will provide us the opportunity to further grow our esports business by having more titles to produce our esports events. Our net revenue attributable to esports and other services comprised 0.6% and 1.8% of our total net revenue during fiscal year 2019 and the nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively, but we expect that net revenue from this line of business will continue to increase and become material to our business moving forward.

 

Technological Infrastructure

 

As our digital business has grown, our games and services increasingly depend on the reliability, availability and security of our technological infrastructure. We are investing and expect to continue to invest in technology, hardware and software to support our games and services, including with respect to security protections. Our industry is prone to, and our systems and networks are subject to, cyberattacks, computer viruses, worms, phishing attacks, malicious software programs, and other information security incidents that seek to exploit, disable, damage, disrupt or gain access to our networks, our products and services, supporting technological infrastructure, intellectual property and other assets. As a result, we continually face cyber risks and threats that seek to damage, disrupt or gain access to our networks and our gaming platform, supporting infrastructure, intellectual property and other assets.

 

Rapidly Changing Industry

 

We operate in a dynamic industry that regularly experiences periods of rapid, fundamental change. In order to remain successful, we are required to anticipate, sometimes years in advance, the ways in which our products and services will compete in the market. We adapt our business by investing in creative and technical talent and new technologies, evolving our business strategies and distribution methods and developing new and engaging products and services. For example, the global adoption of mobile devices and a business model for those devices that allows consumers to try new games with no up-front cost, and that are monetized through service associated with the game, has led to significant growth in the mobile gaming industry, which we believe is a continuing trend. Accordingly, in conjunction with the launch of our new NASCAR console game, we plan to launch a new, redesigned NASCAR Heat Mobile in 2021, which is our NASCAR mobile racing game that will also be developed internally. Given the recent popularity and fast growing nature of the branded casual game experience, we also plan to introduce a slate of NASCAR branded casual gaming options, starting with the officially licensed NASCAR “match three” game in 2021. In addition, we have a roadmap for the development of more than a dozen anticipated mobile games, including multiple mobile products for each of our racing series.

 

Recurring Revenue Sources

 

Our business model includes revenue that we deem recurring in nature, such as revenue from our annualized sports franchise (currently NASCAR Heat) for game consoles, PC and mobile platforms. We have been able to forecast the revenue from this area of our business with greater relative confidence than for new games, services and business models. As we continue to incorporate new business models and modalities of play into our games, our goal is to continue to look for opportunities to expand the recurring portion of our business.

 

 

Reportable Segments

 

We use “the management approach” in determining reportable operating segments. The management approach considers the internal organization and reporting used by our chief operating decision maker for making operating decisions and assessing performance as the source for determining our reportable segments. Our chief operating decision maker is our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”), who reviews operating results to make decisions about allocating resources and assessing performance for the entire company. We classified our reportable operating segments into (i) the development and publishing of interactive racing video games, entertainment content and services (the “Gaming segment”) and (ii) the organization and facilitation of esports tournaments, competitions and events for our licensed racing games as well as on behalf of third-party video game racing series and other video game publishers (the “esports segment”).

 

Components of Our Results of Operations

 

Revenues

 

We have historically derived substantially all revenue from sales of our games and related extra content that can be played by customers on a variety of platforms, including game consoles, mobile phones, PCs and tablets. Starting in 2019, we began generating sponsorship revenues from our production of live and virtual esports events.

 

Our product and service offerings include, but are not limited to, full console and mobile games with both online and offline functionality, which generally include:

 

	●	the initial game delivered digitally or via physical disc at the time of sale and typically provides access to offline core game content;
	●	updates on a when-and-if-available basis, such as software patches or updates, and/or additional content to be delivered in the future, both paid and free; and
	●	online hosting of esports events.

 

Cost of Revenues

 

Cost of revenues for our Gaming segment is primarily comprised of royalty expenses attributable to our license arrangement with NASCAR and certain other third-parties relating to our NASCAR racing series games. Cost of revenues for our Gaming segment is also comprised of merchant fees, disc manufacturing costs, packaging costs, shipping costs, warehouse costs, distribution fees to distribute products to retail stores, mobile platform fees associated with our mobile revenue (for transactions in which we are acting as the principal in the sale to the end customer) and amortization of certain acquired license agreements with NASCAR and software intangible assets acquired with the acquisition of 704Games. Cost of revenues for our esports segment consists of the cost of producing esports events and paying prize money.

 

Sales and Marketing

 

Sales and marketing expenses are primarily composed of salaries, benefits and related taxes of our in-house marketing teams, advertising, marketing and promotional expenses, including fees paid to social media platforms, Motorsport Network and other websites where we market our products.

 

Development

 

Development expenses consist of the cost to develop the games we produce, as well as developing the content that we use in our esports leagues. Development expenses include salaries, benefits and operating expenses of our in-house development teams, as well as consulting expenses for any contracted external development. Development expenses also include expenses associated with our digital platform, software licenses, maintenance and development overhead.

 

 

General and Administrative

 

General and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries, benefits and other costs associated with our operations including, finance, human resources, information technology, public relations, legal audit and compliance fees, facilities and other external general and administrative services.

 

Depreciation and Amortization

 

Depreciation and amortization expenses include depreciation on fixed assets (primarily computers and office equipment), as well as amortization of definite lived intangible assets acquired with the acquisition of 704Games in August of 2018.

 

Results of Operations

 

The following results of operations are discussed herein:

 

	●	Historical consolidated results of operations of Motorsport Gaming US LLC for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019;
	●	Historical consolidated results of operations of Motorsport Gaming US LLC for the year ended December 31, 2019;
	●	Historical consolidated results of operations of Motorsport Gaming US LLC for the period from August 15, 2018 to December 31, 2018; and
	●	Pro forma combined results of operations of Motorsport Gaming US LLC and 704Games for the year ended December 31, 2018.

 

To assist with the period-to-period comparison, we have provided supplemental pro forma combined results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2018 to present the results of operations as if the acquisition of 704Games had occurred on January 1, 2018 (the “Pro Forma Combined”). The Pro Forma Combined includes the amounts (i) for the predecessor period from January 1, 2018 to August 14, 2018, (ii) the successor period from August 15, 2018 to December 31, 2018 as well as (iii) a pro forma adjustment to recognize additional amortization expense of $637,658 associated with certain acquired license agreements with NASCAR and software intangible assets. This combination does not comply with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). The Pro Forma Combined financial data does not purport to represent what our results of operations would have been if the acquisition had occurred as of the dates indicated, or what such results will be for any future period.

 

 

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 Compared With Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019

 

The following table presents the results of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019:

 

		For the Nine Months Ended
		September 30,
		2020				2019
Revenues		$	16,111,581			$	9,566,873
Cost of revenues (1)			5,261,483				3,776,696
Gross Profit			10,850,098